Agricultural Engineering Research, Volume 6 (2000)

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Browsing Agricultural Engineering Research, Volume 6 (2000) by Person "Jungbluth, Thomas"

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    Biofilters - The Influence of Different Filter Materials on the Reduction Efficiency
    (2000) Martinec, Milos; Hartung, Eberhard; Jungbluth, Thomas
    The influence of five different filter materials on the reduction efficiency of biofilters has been investigated in parallel long-term measurements in a stall for fattening pigs. The greatest odour reduction (approximately 81%) was achieved with biochips and a mixture of coconut fibre and fi- bre peat as filter materials. All filter materials additionally reduce am- monia emissions by an average of about 9 - 30%. Biofilters with bio- chips caused considerably lower flow resistance and electricity con- sumption than filters with other materials. Biofilters allow odour emissions from farm animal husbandry to be re- duced by approximately 25 - 95%. Ammonia emissions also diminish to a certain extent (about 0 - 35%). However, very high operating expenses are attached to the use of biofilters if they are used properly (HARTUNG et al., 1997; HOPP, 1998; MANNEBECK, 1994). For this reason, they are used only when the minimum distance required by the VDI 3471 (1986) and VDI 3472 (1986) guidelines as well as the TA Luft (1986) (German Air Pollution Regulations) cannot be kept. The selection of the filter material provides a significant possibility to further optimize bio- filters.The present study was conducted to establish the odour reduction achieved by selected filter materials. Additionally, it was the goal of this research to examine the influence of the filter material on the reduction of the emission of NH3 , CO2 , CH4 , and N 2 O, as well as flow resistance and electricity consumption.
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    Environmentally Compatible Fattening Pig Husbandry I - Sensitivity of Emission Measurements
    (2000) Gallmann, Eva; Hartung, Eberhard; Jungbluth, Thomas
    At the Institute of Agricultural Engineering of the University of Hohen- heim, a swine housing system with fully slatted floor (FSF) and a freely ventilated kennel housing system (KHS) are being compared as part of continuous emission measurements with the goal of assessing the envi- ronmental impact of fattening pig husbandry systems. To secure the re- liability of the data, it is first necessary to examine the quality of the measurement, the methodological approach, and the execution of the tri- al. Subsequently, the criteria for data selection are determined taking the sensitivity of the emission measurements into account before the data are used for a comparison of the emission rates. When measuring the gas concentrations of ammonia (NH3 ) and methane (CH4 ), a water vapour cross sensitivity of the measuring instruments of 0.23 and 0.65 ppm/g H2 O/kg of air respectively must be taken into ac- count. Especially in the case of CH4 , this closely restricts the usability and significance of low concentration values if the water content of the sample air ranges between 10 and 20 g/kg of air. A comparison of the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration at two heights with the background concentration allows currents of leaking air at the air inlet of the natu- rally ventilated housing system to be detected with high temporal reso- lution. For these periods, it is impossible to determine the emission ra- tes. When the course of the gas concentrations in the slurry store is con- sidered, the kennel housing system shows an influence of the inlet air temperature on the air exchange through the slatted floor. The CO 2 con- centrations observed in both systems indicate that, as compared with the animal-specific portion, conversion processes in the excrement are re- sponsible for a larger part of the gas release than previously assumed.