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Unraveling the role of shrimp hydrolysate as a food supplement in the immune function and fecal microbiota of beagle dogs
(2025) Guilherme-Fernandes, Joana; Barroso, Carolina; Correia, Alexandra; Aires, Tiago; Yergaliyev, Timur; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Vilanova, Manuel; Fonseca, António J. M.; Lima, Sofia A. C.; Maia, Margarida R. G.; Cabrita, Ana R. J.; Guilherme-Fernandes, Joana; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Barroso, Carolina; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Correia, Alexandra; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Aires, Tiago; SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A. S. João Ovar, Portugal; Yergaliyev, Timur; Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, HoLMiR, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, HoLMiR, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Vilanova, Manuel; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Fonseca, António J. M.; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Lima, Sofia A. C.; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Maia, Margarida R. G.; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cabrita, Ana R. J.; REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
The inclusion of protein hydrolysates from animal by-products in petfood may enhance the industry’s sustainability, while contributing to dogs’ health due to their nutritional and functional properties. However, inconsistent results of protein hydrolysates on gut microbiota, immune responses, among other health parameters, have been observed in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with 5% shrimp hydrolysate, compared to non-supplemented diets, on hematological parameters, serum chemistry profile, innate and adaptive immune function, and fecal microbiota composition in adult Beagle dogs during a 12-week feeding trial. Dietary inclusion of shrimp hydrolysate decreased blood eosinophils ( P = 0.017) and glucose levels ( P = 0.023), while increasing levels of white blood cells ( P = 0.002), platelets ( P = 0.038), neutrophils ( P = 0.036), and CD4 + ( P < 0.001) and CD8 + T cells ( P < 0.001) single producers of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. It also led to a more extensive proliferation of CD4 + T cells in response to LipL32 antigen ( P = 0.020) and to a decrease in superoxide production in stimulated cells ( P = 0.002). Additionally, supplemented diets increased Oscillospiraceae ( P-adj = 0.005) and Clostridia ( P-adj = 0.017) abundance, and decreased such of Sellimonas ( P-adj = 0.025). Overall, the results indicate that diet supplementation with shrimp hydrolysate at 5% modulates the immune response and fecal microbiota, highlighting its potential to be included in hypoallergenic and gastrointestinal diets, and in diets for diabetic dogs.
Insights into a genomics‐based pre‐breeding program in wheat
(2025) Meyenberg, Carina; Thorwarth, Patrick; Spiller, Monika; Kollers, Sonja; Reif, Jochen Christoph; Longin, Carl Friedrich Horst; Meyenberg, Carina; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Thorwarth, Patrick; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Spiller, Monika; KWS LOCHOW GmbH, Bergen, Germany; Kollers, Sonja; KWS LOCHOW GmbH, Bergen, Germany; Reif, Jochen Christoph; Leibnitz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany; Longin, Carl Friedrich Horst; State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Continuous intercrossing of the best‐performing wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) elite lines has resulted in genetic gains for a wide range of traits. However, this approach can also reduce genetic diversity, which potentially limits the long‐term genetic improvement. The use of plant genetic resources (PGRs) is therefore considered as crucial to maintain, or even increase, genetic variability in breeding to address future challenges in agriculture in a sustainable manner. Pre‐breeding programs aim to incorporate untapped genetic diversity into an elite germplasm background. Since there is limited knowledge exchange and few publications on how to run pre‐breeding programs efficiently, we report here our latest pre‐breeding scheme and key lessons learned from a decade of wheat pre‐breeding. Our study is based on genotypic and phenotypic data from 390 pre‐breeding lines coming from multiple locations and 4 years of yield trials. We used the genotypic data to estimate the genetically estimated parental contribution (GEPC) of PGRs in pre‐breeding lines. Considerable variation in GEPC between pre‐breeding lines were found even within the same cross. Combining both genotypic and phenotypic data, we compared different scenarios for genome‐wide predictions. Predicting new lines based on calibrations developed across previous years, we determined prediction abilities ranging between 0.34 and 0.69 for grain yield and 0.53 and 0.71 for sedimentation volume, depending on the predicted dataset. Finally, we showed that targeted pre‐breeding yields a small number of promising pre‐breeding lines that perform at the level of the most important commercial varieties.
Activation of small molecules by readily accessible alkylborane‐based frustrated lewis pairs
(2025) Averdunk, Arthur; Wech, Felix; Becker, Jonathan; Gellrich, Urs; Averdunk, Arthur; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, Stuttgart, Germany; Wech, Felix; Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Justus‐Liebig Universität, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, Gießen, Germany; Becker, Jonathan; Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Justus‐Liebig Universität, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, Gießen, Germany; Gellrich, Urs; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, Stuttgart, Germany
Herein, we report that sterically encumbered (thio)imidazolones react with simple aliphatic boranes, such as 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (H‐B‐9‐BBN) or dicyclohexylborane (HBCy2), at room temperature to form (thio)imidazolonate boranes,which function as intramolecular frustrated lewis pairs (FLPs). Although direct observation of hydrogen activation by these FLPs is not possible, alkene hydroboration occurs when they are reacted with styrene under hydrogen pressure, suggesting that hydrogen activation is kinetically feasible. In addition, these FLPs rapidly activate NH bonds, as demonstrated by the activation of ammonia and amines under mild conditions. They also cleave the CH bond of terminal alkynes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and ammonia activation by these FLPs.
Detecting multiple structural breaks in systems of linear regression equations with integrated and stationary regressors
(2025) Schweikert, Karsten; Schweikert, Karsten; Core Facility Hohenheim & Institute of Economics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
In this paper, we propose a two‐step procedure based on the group LASSO estimator in combination with a backward elimination algorithm to detect multiple structural breaks in linear regressions with multivariate responses. Applying the two‐step estimator, we jointly detect the number and location of structural breaks and provide consistent estimates of the coefficients. Our framework is flexible enough to allow for a mix of integrated and stationary regressors, as well as deterministic terms. Using simulation experiments, we show that the proposed two‐step estimator performs competitively against the likelihood‐based approach in finite samples. However, the two‐step estimator is computationally much more efficient. An economic application to the identification of structural breaks in the term structure of interest rates illustrates this methodology.
Chloride application enhances photosynthesis and facilitates nitrate translocation while driving chloride translocation into roots
(2025) Wei, Guanghui; Zhang, Xudong; Franzisky, Bastian L.; Geilfus, Christoph‐Martin; Zörb, Christian; Wei, Guanghui; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Zhang, Xudong; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Franzisky, Bastian L.; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany; Geilfus, Christoph‐Martin; Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany; Zörb, Christian; Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Chloride and nitrate are essential mineral elements for crop growth. Due to their similar physical and electrochemical properties, their uptake and translocation interact antagonistically. This suggests that applying chloride to the leaf canopy during the late grain‐filling stage of cereals might enhance nitrate use efficiency. Hence, it remains uncertain whether foliar‐applied chloride at the late growth stage stimulates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves. To explore this possibility, two contrasting faba bean varieties were grown in a climate‐controlled chamber. Nitrate concentrations of approximately 50 and 93 μg mg FW −1 , respectively, were established in leaves by depleting nitrogen in the rooting medium. Based on these two nitrate concentrations in mature leaves, chloride was applied to the leaf canopy. Measurements of biomass, photosynthesis, and nitrate and chloride concentrations in both young and mature leaves revealed that chloride foliar application raised nitrate levels in younger leaves from 7.1 to 9.5 μmol g FW −1 and boosted photosynthesis by approximately 35%. However, one of the two faba bean varieties did not respond significantly to the chloride foliar application. These findings indicate that chloride application facilitates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves, potentially improving grain nitrogen supply. As a result, nitrate use efficiency might be increased by chloride application during late growth stages, although this effect is genotype‐dependent.