Browsing by Person "Pyka, Andreas"

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A taxonomy of innovation networks
(2012) Pyka, Andreas; Schön, Benjamin
In this discussion paper we develop a theory-based typology of innovation networks with a special focus on public-private collaboration. This taxonomy is theoretically based on the concept of life cycles which is transferred to the context of innovation networks as well as on the mode of network formation which can occur either spontaneous or planned. The taxonomy distinguishes six different types of networks and incorporates two plausible alternative developments that eventually lead to a similar network structure of the two types of networks. From this, important conclusions and recommendations for network actors and policy makers are drawn.
Ambidextrie in Netzwerken komplexer Produkte
Exploration und Exploitation in der Luftfahrtindustrie
(2016) Guffarth, Daniel; Pyka, Andreas
Since over 100 years, no comparable product exists that is so strongly related with engineering skills, pioneering spirit and the complex combination of materials, technique and knowledge, while being a prototypical example for high development and production cost at the same time. During the last century, industry changed dramatically through evolutionary and revolutionary technical and structural changes with government intervention playing a key role for industrial evolution. Today’s aircraft industry is in a growth phase which is determined by ramping up production scales which leads, in combination with the potentially new competitors from Asia and uprising regional aircraft manufacturers, to a situation in which the duopolists Airbus and Boeing are forced to shape their supply chains more efficient and effective. At the same time continuous technological novelties in subsystems and the high R&D-intensity are further recent challenges. With this dissertation a new industry evolution framework is developed which is coping with the complex products industries requirements by considering demand, state intervention and technological mechanisms. In complex product systems different subsystems of the artefact aircraft are in different stages of the technological life cycle at the same time. This is the reason why the classical implications between technology, product, and industry life cycle stages do not hold for complex products industries. I.e. solely focusing on the manufacturer level of an industry is not sufficient. Therefore in this dissertation, industry is defined as network. The design of this network as exploration or exploitation network focusing on product or process and/or both depends on time and manner. As permanently changing requirements are characteristic for complex products, organizations have to be able to be ambidextrous, i.e. to balance exploration and exploitation which is a decisive success factor in organizational long term survival. This requirement is analyzed on three levels within the R&D network of the European aircraft industry: knowledge development, structural and network topology, as well as on regional development. Key findings are the extension of ambidexterity in the network as well as in the supply chain over time. Therefore a change from cyclical to permanent ambidexterity is directed towards the suppliers. Additionally exploration is crowded out from the core of the network as routines and fossilized structure are established over time by repeatedly cooperating with other core actors. Therefore core actors use network peripheries as a vehicle to realize explorative projects and being permanently ambidextrous. As a consequence success factors for the sustainability of the European aircraft industry are the orchestration of network stability and network heterogeneity as well as the maintenance of the SME structure and interindustry linkages for usage of explorative learning.
Auswirkungen automatisiert fahrender Mobilitätsdienste auf den urbanen Mobilitätsmarkt : Agenten-basierte Modellierung am Beispiel der Stadt Stuttgart
(2025) Stratz, Florian; Pyka, Andreas
Urbane Mobilitätssysteme stehen weltweit unter Veränderungsdruck. Insbesondere der Trend der stetig zunehmenden Urbanisierung, die daraus folgenden Überlastungen der Verkehrssysteme sowie die verkehrsbedingte Klima- und Umweltbelastung in Städten führen dazu, dass die sich über das 20. Jahrhundert hinweg etablierte automobile Mobilität im urbanen Raum an ihre Grenzen stößt. Hinzu kommen technologische Entwicklungen im Zuge der Digitalisierung, wodurch neue technologische Möglichkeiten auf der Angebotsseite von Mobilitätsmärkten entstehen, wie beispielsweise Shared-Mobility-Angebote, die das vorherrschende Paradigma des privaten Autobesitzes in Frage stellen. Durch die Technologieinnovation des vollautomatisierten Fahrens kommt nun ein potenzieller Technologiesprung hinzu, dem eine transformative Rolle auf dem Mobilitätsmarkt zugeschrieben wird, da selbstfahrende Mobilitätsdienste durch das Ersetzen des menschlichen Fahrers wesentlich günstiger und zu jeder Tageszeit angeboten werden könnten. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich damit, inwiefern diese potenziell transformative Rolle selbstfahrender Mobilitätsdienste für den urbanen Mobilitätsmarkt einerseits generell untersucht und andererseits konkret bewertet werden kann. Es ist das zentrale Ziel dieser Arbeit, einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Diskussion darüber zu leisten, inwiefern eine mögliche Marktausbreitung automatisiert fahrender Mobilitätsdienste modelliert werden kann und wie resultierende Auswirkungen auf den urbanen Mobilitätsmarkt eingeschätzt werden können. Zur Herleitung der Untersuchungsmethodik der agenten-basierten Modellierung wird die Innovationsökonomik und die Theorie der Neo-Schumpeterianischen Innovationsforschung zu Grunde gelegt, da sich hierin Ansätze finden lassen, potenzielle Ausbreitungsdynamiken und Marktauswirkungen von Technologieinnovationen zu analysieren. Darauf aufbauend werden die konventionellen Methoden der Verkehrswissenschaften auf ihre Anwendbarkeit zur Untersuchung der Ausbreitung und Auswirkungen von selbstfahrenden Mobilitätsdiensten hin untersucht. Mit Hilfe von umfassenden Verkehrsmodellen, die auf empirischen Mobilitätsnachfragemodellierungen basieren, kann beispielsweise ein bestehendes Mobilitätsverhalten einer bestimmten Bevölkerung präzise abgebildet und für kurze Zeiträume prognostiziert werden. Möchte man jedoch, wie im Rahmen dieser Arbeit, eine Betrachtung des Mobilitätsmarkts über größere, zukünftige Zeiträume durchführen und potenzielle Veränderungen durch das Aufkommen von selbstfahrenden Fahrdiensten ableiten, so stoßen die konventionellen Methoden der Verkehrsnachfragemodellierung an ihre Grenzen. Dies liegt insbesondere daran, dass es keine Datengrundlage zu menschlichem Entscheidungsverhalten bezüglich Transportmittelwahlentscheidungen von selbstfahrenden Mobilitätsdiensten geben kann, so lange auf dem tatsächlichen Markt diese Technologie selbst noch nicht verfügbar ist. Die Innovation des automatisierten Fahrens beschreibt zudem eine derartige Veränderung der Angebotsseite auf dem Mobilitätsmarkt, so dass bestehende Verhaltensmuster auf der Nachfrageseite potenziell grundlegend verändert werden. Daher wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit der Ansatz der konventionellen Mobilitätsnachfragemodellierung zwar als Grundlage zur regionsspezifischen Modellerweiterung für den Mobilitätsmarkt der Region Stuttgart verwendet, jedoch wird darüber hinaus ein agenten-basiertes Modell entwickelt, welches auf einer abstrakteren Ebene mögliche Auswirkungen der Innovation auf den urbanen Mobilitätsmarkt abbildet. In Verbindung mit der Neo-Schumpeterianischen Denkschule wird im Rahmen der sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Innovationsforschung zur Modellierung von komplexen, sozialen Systemen in den letzten Jahrzehnten vermehrt auf die Methodik der agenten-basierten Modellierung gesetzt. Für die Auswahl der Methodik der agenten-basierten Modellierung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit spricht zudem die Charakteristik des Untersuchungsgegenstandes des urbanen Mobilitätsmarkts als komplexes System, dessen Dynamiken von heterogenen, individuellen, sich beeinflussenden Einzelentscheidungen von Verkehrsteilnehmern ergeben. Der Modellentwicklungsprozess im Rahmen der Arbeit ist in zwei Teile gegliedert. Zuerst wird ein generisches, agenten-basiertes Diffusionsmodell für automatisierte Mobilitätsdienste auf einem abstrakten Mobilitätsmarkt entwickelt, welches systematische Zusammenhänge vereinfacht abbildet. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dieses generische Modell deskriptiv erweitert, indem das bestehende, empirisch kalibrierte Mobilitätsnachfragemodell für die Stadt Stuttgart mobiTopp angebunden wird. Diese Modellerweiterung spiegelt einen zentralen Kern der Arbeit wider, indem die innovationökonomische Perspektive des generischen agenten-basierten Modells mit der verkehrswissenschaftlichen Perspektive für eine konkreten urbanen Mobilitätsmarkt verknüpft wird. Durch die Anwendung des entwickelten Modells werden potenzielle Zielkonflikte und Rückkopplungseffekte aufgezeigt, die bei einem Markthochlauf selbstfahrender Mobilitätsdienste in der Stadt Stuttgart entstehen. Zudem werden über verschiedene Simulationsexperimente regulatorische Handlungsfelder analysiert, die die Auswirkungen der Marktausbreitung automatisiert fahrender Mobilitätsdienste beeinflussen.
Avoiding evolutionary inefficiencies in innovation networks
(2011) Pyka, Andreas
Innovation policy is in need for a rational which allows the design and evaluation of policy instruments. In economic policy traditionally the focus is on market failures and efficiency measures are used to decide whether policy should intervene and which instrument should be applied. In innovation policy this rational cannot meaningfully be applied because of the uncertain and open character of innovation processes. Uncertainty is not a market failure and cannot be repaired. Inevitably policy makers are subject to failure and their goals are to be considered as much more modest compared to the achievement of a social optimum. Instead of optimal innovation, the avoidance of evolutionary inefficiencies becomes the centrepiece of innovation policy making. Superimposed to the several sources of evolutionary inefficiencies are socalled network inefficiencies. Because of the widespread organisation of innovation in innovation networks, the network structures and dynamics give useful hints for innovation policy, where and when to intervene.
Bioeconomy innovation networks in urban regions: The case of Stuttgart
(2023) Stöber, Lea F.; Boesino, Marius; Pyka, Andreas; Schuenemann, Franziska
For a successful transformation towards a sustainable bioeconomy, cooperative knowledge creation leading to innovations through research at the company and academic level are important. Urban regions are the centre of economic and research activities. The example of the region of Stuttgart, which aims to complement its mature industrial structure with new opportunities related to the knowledge-based bioeconomy, is an interesting case for the application of social network analysis to shed light on the dynamics of innovation networks to support the transformation of urban regions. As with smaller spatial levels of observation connectivity in network decreases, we find a scale-free network structure for the supra-regional network and a star-like network structure for the regional network, with two universities and one transfer-oriented research institutes at the core. While research collaborations beyond regional borders and across different industries foster knowledge co-creation, the central actors can be recognized as gatekeepers who dominantly influence knowledge flows. To potentially strengthen the resilience of the network, policy and industry associations serving as network facilitators can foster collaboration between periphery actors. The case of the Stuttgart region impressively illustrates the opportunities of the knowledge-based bioeconomy for urban regions and the complementary role traditional manufacturing sectors can take in the transformation towards higher degrees of sustainability.
Capability-based governance patterns over the product life-cycle
(2013) Kok, A. G. de; La Poutré, J. A.; Pyka, Andreas; Vermeulen, B.
We investigate patterns of vertical governance over the product life-cycle as function of the capability regime properties imitability and substitutability. We use a novel neo-Schumpeterian model to study emerging governance patterns. We find that, in the era of incremental change, firms prefer vertical specialization. In the era of ferment, no governance form dominates. Imitability and substitutability, in interplay, determine the governance form preferred. High imitability frustrates appropriation and thereby integration for synergistic advantages. However, firms need not vertically specialize: under low substitutability, incompatibilities reduce the advantages of specialization. When both substitutability and imitability are low, firms can appropriate the value of their inventions and there is no combinatorial advantage of specialization, so firms predominantly integrate. If substitutability is high and imitability is low, the combinatorial advantage of specialization balances with the synergistic advantage of integration.
Comparing cars with apples? Identifying the appropriate benchmark countries for relative ecological pollution rankings and international learning
(2021) Hartmann, Dominik; Ferraz, Diogo; Bezerra, Mayra; Pyka, Andreas; Pinheiro, Flávio L.
One of the most difficult tasks that economies face is how to generate economic growth without causing environmental damage. Research in economic complexity has provided new methods to reveal structural constraints and opportunities for green economic diversification and sophistication, as well as the effects of economic complexity on environmental pollution indicators. However, no research so far has compared the ecological efficiency of countries with similar productive structures and levels of economic complexity, and used this information to identify the best learning partners. This matters, because there are substantial differences in the environmental damage caused by the same product in different countries, and green diversification needs to be complemented by substantial efficiency improvements of existing products. In this article, we use data on 774 different types of exports, CO2 emissions, and the ecological footprint of 99 countries to create first a relative ecological pollution ranking (REPR). Then, we use methods from network science to reveal a benchmark network of the best learning partners based on country pairs with a large extent of export similarity, yet significant differences in pollution values. This is important because it helps to reveal adequate benchmark countries for efficiency improvements and sustainable production, considering that countries may specialize in substantially different types of economic activities. Finally, the article i) illustrates large efficiency improvements within current global output levels, ii) helps to identify countries that can best learn from each other, and iii) improves the information base in international negotiations for the sake of a cleaner global production system.
Distal embedding as a technology innovation network formation strategy
(2012) Pyka, Andreas; Paredes-Frigolett, Harold
Although the area of innovation economics dates back to the early twentieth century with the seminal contributions of Schumpeter (1911), it is only recently that governments have understood the role of a comprehensive approach towards public sector economics that puts innovation systems in the eye of public policy decision makers. Although well researched in academia in recent years, the role that innovation networks play in driving successful processes of innovation and entrepreneurship has been less understood by policy makers. Indeed, so far public policy makers have been concerned with the macro level of public policy in a way that has been rather ?disconnected? from the meso level of innovation networks. Not surprisingly, overall strategies for innovation network formation have not been on the radar screen of public policy. The academic community, on the other hand, has been devoting more attention to the study of innovation networks in an attempt to understand the role they play as a catalyst of innovation and entrepreneurship. By and large in the research community, the process of innovation network formation has been left rather unattended. Indeed, the question of how these networks are formed and what strategies can be developed to ignite processes of innovation network formation has been largely absent from the academic debate. In this article, we make a contribution in this area and present ?distal embedding" as one of three generic innovation network formation strategies. We also show why ?distal embedding'' is particularly well suited for emerging regions of innovation and entrepreneurship. Our contributions lie at the macro-meso interface and can shed light on public policy at the macro level aiming to have a direct impact at the meso level of innovation network formation.
Editorial: Responsible research and innovation as a toolkit: Indicators, application, and context
(2023) Buchmann, Tobias; Dreyer, Marion; Müller, Matthias; Pyka, Andreas
Generalized barriers to entry and economic development
(2009) Pyka, Andreas; Saviotti, Pier Paolo
In this paper we are going to analyze the dynamics of barriers to entry at the international level. In our model economic development takes place and continues in the long run due to the emergence of new sectors, which can compensate for the diminishing ability of mature sectors to create employment and growth. Each new sector is created by a pervasive innovation, which creates a new market and into and out of which there are entry and exit of firms. Depending on the inter-temporal coordination of the maturation of older sectors and of the maturation of new ones our model can give rise to development paths with growth rates ranging from high to negative, to fluctuations, to bubbles and to chaos. In the construction of our model we found inspiration in a number of growth models, both endogenous and evolutionary as well as on empirical work on structural change. The model also bears some similarity of style to history friendly models. Its unique feature is that it gives rise to an endogenously variable number of sectors. Unless new sectors are exact substitutes of older ones the model gives rise to growing variety. In fact, the main objective for which the model was initially constructed was to test some propositions implying that variety growth is a necessary requirement for long term economic development. Within our model the ability to create new sectors at the right times is the crucial determinant of the growth potential of an economic system. Thus, inter country differences in the barriers to entry into new sectors can be expected to give rise to different rates of growth and in the end to increasingly skewed world income distribution.
Governance of responsible research and innovation: A social welfare, psychologically grounded multicriteria decision analysis approach
(2025) Paredes-Frigolett, Harold; Pyka, Andreas; Bevilacqua Leoneti, Alexandre; Nachar-Calderón, Pablo
Our article deals with the governance of responsible research and innovation (RRI) and aims to set out a first psychologically grounded decision-theoretic method for the governance of RRI. We approach the governance of RRI as a multicriteria group decision analysis problem of delivering social welfare in an innovation ecosystem. Following such a methodological approach, we develop a psychologically grounded multicriteria group decision analysis method that integrates in its value function the main psychological effects captured in the value function of prospect theory as the main theory of individual decision-making under risk. The method first applies a psychologically motivated multicriteria decision analysis function that measures the welfare delivered to all stakeholders involved in a research and innovation consortium. The method then applies a social welfare function on the welfare measurements of stakeholders to propose a social welfare solution that emerges as an RRI-compliant solution for the consortium. The results are a first psychologically grounded multicriteria group decision analysis method and its first application to the governance of RRI. The implications of our results are theoretical but also practical, as our method contributes not only to the established field of multicriteria decision analysis by setting out new method but also to the field of RRI by delivering a psychologically grounded decision-theoretic method for the governance of RRI.
Identifizierung und Analyse deutsch-türkischer Innovationsnetzwerke
erste Ergebnisse des TGIN-Projektes
(2012) Erginkoc, Suna; Onan, Gaye; Rashidi, Sheida; Hartmann, Dominik; Pyka, Andreas; Aydin, Seda; Klauß, Lena; Stahl, Fabian; Santircioglu, Ali; Oberegelsbacher, Silvia
Dieses Paper fasst die ersten Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes ?Wissenstransfer in Deutsch-Türkischen Innovationsnetzwerke (TGIN) im Kontext der Europäischen Union? zusammen. TGIN eröffnet eine neue Perspektive auf die deutsch-türkische Beziehungen, indem es die ökonomischen Win-Win Situationen aufzeigt, welche durch Deutsch-Türkische Wissensmigration, transnationale Unternehmer und Innovationsnetzwerke entstehen. Im Zentrum der europäischen Wachstumsstrategie steht die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch Mobilität, Kooperation und Innovation. Internationale Unternehmer, Wissensmigration und kulturelle Vielfalt können ein wesentlicher Antreiber von Lernprozessen und Innovation sein. Aus innovations ökonomischer Sicht können die historisch gewachsenen Beziehungen zwischen Türkei, Deutschland und Europa viel besser genutzt werden. Die ersten Analysen zeigen, dass Deutsch-Türkische Innovationsnetzwerke zwar kein weit verbreitetes, aber dennoch existierendes und schnell wachsendes Phänomen mit großem Potential sind. Die Methoden der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse helfen, Strukturen, Stärken und Schwächen, Chancen und Herausforderungen aufzudecken. Angesichts des Fachkräfte- und Ingenieursmangels in Deutschland, des einseitigen Wachstums der Türkei sowie des zunehmenden globalen Wettbewerbes können Deutschland und die Türkei von der zunehmenden Vernetzung des Innovationsprozesses profitieren.
Innovation, economic diversification and human development
(2013) Pyka, Andreas; Hartmann, Dominik
In this paper we bridge a gap between innovation economics and the human development approach by analyzing positive and negative effects of different types of economic diversification on social welfare. Economic variety is a driver and outcome of economic development. However, diversification leads to ambiguous effects on the well-being of human agents: on the one hand, increasing variety augments the freedom of human agents to choose. On the other hand, it can overburden their capabilities to make economic decisions and can deteriorate their well-being. It becomes clear that human development policy has to go hand in hand with an industrial policy that promotes qualitative economic diversification. Depending on its dynamics, this diversification can be achieved via related and unrelated variety. We can expect a better design of development policies from a better understanding of the co-evolutionary development of variety, freedom of choice and well-being.
Kooperation als Strategie technologischen Paradigmenwechsels
eine nachhaltigkeitsbasierte Untersuchung der Elektrifizierung des Automobils
(2014) Knappe, Mathias; Pyka, Andreas
Beschleunigung und Reorientierung des technischen Fortschritts überfordern selbst große Unternehmen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Spezialisierung und interdisziplinärer Konvergenz. So wird die Kombination interner Forschung und Entwicklung mit externem Wissen, vor allem in Hochtechnologien, zur zentralen Voraussetzung langfristigen Unternehmenserfolgs. In diesem Kontext untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation das Potenzial kooperativen Verhaltens zwischen Unternehmen zur Bewältigung technologischer Diskontinuitäten am Beispiel des bevorstehenden Paradigmenwechsels im automobilen Antrieb. Dabei wird Kooperation als superiore Strategie zur Stimulation des explorativen Innovationsmodus identifiziert und in eine übergreifende Dynamik der Koordinationseignung im Verlauf technologischen Fortschritts integriert. Bezogen auf den automobilen Antrieb ist eine nachhaltigkeitsinduzierte Destabilisierung des technologischen Paradigmas des Verbrennungsmotors festzustellen, während sich seine intensiven Möglichkeiten erschöpfen. Konsequenz dessen ist zunehmender Innovationsdruck, der konsistenzorientiert eine systemische Transformation von Kraftwerkstechnik und Energienetz sowie einen Paradigmenwechsel zu elektrischen Antrieben erzwingt. Aufgrund der bisher geringen technologischen Reife und hohen Kosten elektrischer Antriebssysteme zeichnet sich allerdings ein Übergang in Form einer graduellen Rekonfiguration über eine Hybridphase ab, deren Dynamik maßgeblich von der Entwicklung der techno-ökonomischen Schlüsselmodule Batterie und Brennstoffzelle abhängt. Die dazu erforderliche technologische Transformation birgt existenzielle Gefährdungen für die etablierten Unter-nehmen der Automobilindustrie, die sich gegenüber ihren Herausforderern explorationsbezogen in einer inferioren Ausgangssituation befinden. Eben hier bieten sich umfangreiche Potenziale kooperativer Exploration elektrischer Antriebe auf Verhaltens-, Innovationsprozess- und Wissensebene. In Relation zu diesen erscheint das reale Kooperationsniveau jedoch als gering, volatil und, vor allem in Deutschland, übermäßig intrasektoral fokussiert. Aus diesen Erkenntnissen ergeben sich Implikationen für Unternehmensführung, Innovati-onspolitik und Forschung. Managementseitig besteht die zentrale Herausforderung in der Befähigung der Organisation zur Dynamisierung von Wissen und Fähigkeiten durch simultan-heterogene Koordination explorativer und exploitativer Innovationsströme. Insbesondere die Erschließung kooperativer Potenziale setzt allerdings die Bereitschaft zur Einschränkung der eigenen Unabhängigkeit sowie zur Abweichung von bewährten Verhaltensmustern voraus. Innovationspolitisch steht die Überwindung von Beharrungskräften durch Anpassung des sozio-institutionellen Rahmens sowie die Förderung langfristiger Kooperation bei potenzialgeleiteter Intersektoralität im Vordergrund. Forschungsbezogen eröffnet speziell die Kombination von Innovations-, Nachhaltigkeits- und Koordinationstheorie ein besseres Verständnis von Triebfedern und Dynamik technischen Fortschritts, das weiter vertieft werden sollte.
Migration and innovation
a survey
(2013) Pyka, Andreas; Rashidi, Sheida
In a world characterized by competition on a global scale, persistent structural change driven by innovation and aging societies in industrialized economies, also the competition for the best talents on the labour markets becomes global and more intensive. Therefore it is not surprising that old-fashioned brain drain explanations for migration are no longer convincing. In the knowledge-based economies of the 21st centuries the ideas of brain circulation and international (diaspora) innovation networks become prevailing and should guide the design of migration policies. This paper is a survey on the theoretical and empirical approaches which address the important relationship between migration and innovation.
Proactive business sustainability
constructing a framework for enhancing the sustainability commitment of automotive companies
(2023) Ben Messaoud, Rachid; Pyka, Andreas
This dissertation scrutinizes the dilemma between corporate sustainability pledges and the tangible impact of prevailing global economic, ecological, and societal challenges. Despite a growing commitment to sustainability, there is a glaring discrepancy between intentions and actions. Thus, the need for proactive sustainability practices has never been more crucial. This research proposes a solution to this issue through the Proactive Business Sustainability (PBS) model. The PBS model, informed by a thorough review of the pertinent literature, expert interviews, and two meticulous case studies, provides a practical and actionable blueprint for businesses to adopt. Incorporating a dual-action scheme, encompassing managerial and organization-wide measures, the model advocates that businesses can generate significant sustainability solutions within their core activities, integrating sustainability seamlessly into their business models and profit generation mechanisms. The outcome of this research is an in-depth guide for the PBS model implementation, effectively bridging the identified sustainability gap. This guide furnishes a comprehensive methodology, thereby ensuring that sustainability transcends corporate rhetoric to become a core tenet that positively influences the world's economic, ecological, and societal challenges. The model underlines the critical role of commitment from all organizational tiers, emphasizing that the success of the PBS model is contingent on collective, cohesive action.
Quo vadis, bioeconomy? the necessity of normative considerations in the transition
(2021) Urmetzer, Sophie; Schlaile, Michael P.; Blok, Vincent; Pyka, Andreas
This collection of papers builds on the idea that the bioeconomy provides a framework for potentially effective solutions addressing the grand global challenges by a turn towards an increased use of biological resources, towards renewability and circularity. Consequently, it cannot be perceived as an end in itself. Thus, innovative endeavors within this bioeconomy framework require a serious examination of their normative premises and implications. From different perspectives, the five contributions to the collection demonstrate that for a bioeconomy that is to contribute to the transformation towards sustainability, inquiries into norms, values, and paradigms of innovators and other stakeholders are indispensable. Originating in the spirit of an interdisciplinary workshop on the “The Normative Dimension of Transformations towards a Sustainable Bioeconomy”, the collection at hand provides an attempt to facilitate an increased commitment of social sciences into bioeconomy discourses. We learn: the bioeconomy is on the rise as it is, but whether it will guide us the way towards an equitable, environmentally sound, and future-proof economy, heavily depends on the normative guardrails imposed by science, society, and business.
R&D and knowledge dynamics in university-industry relationships in biotech and pharmaceuticals
an agent-based model
(2011) Pyka, Andreas; Scholz, Ramon; Triulzi, Giorgio
In the last two decades, University-Industry Relationships have played an outstanding role in shaping innovation activities in Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals. Despite the growing importance and the considerable scope of these relationships, there still is an intensive and open debate on their short and long term effects on the research system in life sciences. So far, the extensive literature on this topic has not been able to provide a widely accepted answer. This work introduces a new way to analyse University-Industry Relationships (UIRs) which makes use of an agent-based simulation model. With the help of simulation experiments and the comparison of different scenario results, new insights on the effects of these relationships on the innovativeness of the research system can be gained. In particular, focusing on knowledge interactions among heterogeneous actors, we show that: (i) universities tend to shift from a basic to an applied research orientation as a consequence of relationships with industry, (ii) universities? innovative capabilities benefit from industry financial resources but not so much from cognitive resources of the companies, (iii) biotech companies? innovative capabilities largely benefit from the knowledge interaction with universities and (iv) adequate policies in terms of public basic research funding can contrast the negative effects of UIRs on university research orientation.
Ranking the performance of national innovation systems in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from a neo-Schumpeterian economics perspective
(2014) Gomes, Luiz Flávio Autran Monteiro; Pereira, Javier; Pyka, Andreas; Paredes-Frigolett, Harold
We present the results of an empirical study of the national innovation systems of countries in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from a comprehensive neo-Schumpeterian economics (CNSE) perspective. The empirical study covered the period from 2000 until 2011 and the countries analyzed are Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Unlike previous approaches that used cluster analyses as a methodological framework to analyze national innovation systems from a CSNE perspective, we use a novel approach based on multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank innovation performance. We show how an MCDA approach can be followed in order to rank the performance of national innovation systems and provide an analysis of the results obtained at the financial, public and industry pillars of the CNSE model.
Structural shift and increasing variety in Korea, 1960–2010
empirical evidence of the economic development model by the creation of new sectors
(2016) Kim, Tai-Yoo; Pyka, Andreas; Yeon, Jung-In
In this paper, we examine the experiences of the Korean economy alongside theoretical knowledge of economic development and structural change. To demonstrate the generalized hypotheses on structural change, input–output tables of Korea, from 1960 to 2010, were analyzed. Our interest in taking time series of input–output tables originates from the following two issues. Firstly, we raise the question of whether Korean industrial structure changes have followed a certain pattern of structural shifts as well as increasing variety. Secondly, if so, it is questioned how the meso-level conditions for economic development could be explained from such a pattern. To search for answers, we adopt a model of the economic development by the creation of new sectors, named TEVECON, as our theoretical framework. Using this growth model, we derive hypotheses about how the structural change could affect economic development, and then we determine how the empirical analysis of the Korean economy verifies and deepens our understanding of structural change and economic development. This paper contributes to the empirical validation of the theoretical knowledge of economic development by the emergence of key sectors and the creation of new industries.