Browsing by Person "Wimmers, Klaus"

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Dietary phosphorus and calcium in feed affects miRNA profiles and their mRNA targets in jejunum of two strains of laying hens
(2021) Iqbal, Muhammad Arsalan; Ali, Asghar; Hadlich, Frieder; Oster, Michael; Reyer, Henry; Trakooljul, Nares; Sommerfeld, Vera; Rodehutscord, Markus; Wimmers, Klaus; Ponsuksili, Siriluck
Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are critical for egg production in laying hens. Most of P in plant-based poultry diet is bound as phytic acid and needs to be hydrolysed before absorption. To increase P bioavailability, exogenous phytases or bioavailable rock phosphate is added in feed. There is growing evidence of the importance of miRNAs as the epicentre of intestinal homeostasis and functional properties. Therefore, we demonstrated the expression of miRNA profiles and the corresponding target genes due to the different levels of P (recommended vs. 20% reduction) and/or Ca (recommended vs. 15% reduction) in feed. Jejunal miRNA profiles of Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens strains were used (n = 80). A total of 34 and 76 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the different diet groups within LSL and LB strains respectively. In LSL, the DE miRNAs and their targets were involved in calcium signaling pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similarly, in LB miRNAs targets were enriched in metabolic pathways such as glutathione metabolism, phosphonate metabolism and vitamin B6 metabolism. Our results suggest that both strains employ different intrinsic strategies to cope with modulated P and Ca supply and maintain mineral homeostasis.
Effects of feeding diets without mineral P supplement on intestinal phytate degradation, blood concentrations of Ca and P, and excretion of Ca and P in two laying hen strains before and after onset of laying activity
(2024) Sommerfeld, Vera; Bennewitz, Jörn; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Feger, Martina; Föller, Michael; Huber, Korinna; Oster, Michael; Ponsuksili, Siriluck; Schmucker, Sonja; Seifert, Jana; Stefanski, Volker; Wimmers, Klaus; Rodehutscord, Markus
The objective of this study was to characterize intestinal phytate degradation and mineral utilization by 2 laying hen strains before and after the onset of egg laying using diets without or with a mineral phosphorus (P) supplement. One offspring of 10 roosters per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic [LB] and Lohmann LSL-classic [LSL]) was sacrificed before (wk 19) and after (wk 24) the onset of egg-laying activity and following 4 wk placement in a metabolic unit. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and without supplemented P (P-) or with 1 g/kg supplemented P (P+) from monocalcium phosphate. In wk 19 and 24, the blood plasma and digesta of duodenum+jejunum and distal ileum were collected. The concentration of P in blood plasma was higher in hens fed P+ than P- (P < 0.001). In duodenum + jejunum and ileum content, the concentrations of InsP6, Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5 were lower in P- than in P+ (P ≤ 0.009). In duodenum+jejunum, the concentrations of InsP6, Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5 were lower in wk 24 than 19 and lower in LSL than LB hens (P < 0.001). The concentration of myo-inositol (MI) in duodenum + jejunum content was lower in wk 19 than 24 (P < 0.001). Following a 4-d total excreta collection, the retained amount of P was higher in P+ than P- (P < 0.001). Phosphorus retention was lower in LB hens fed P- than in other treatments (P × strain: P = 0.039). In the jejunal tissue, some genes related to intracellular InsP metabolism were higher expressed in LB than LSL hens. The renunciation of mineral P increased endogenous phytate degradation, but more P was retained with supplemented P. Differences in endogenous phytate degradation between the periods before and after the onset of egg laying might be attributed to different Ca concentrations in intestinal digesta caused by different Ca needs in both periods.
Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in the diet on myo-inositol concentrations in the intestine, blood, eggs, and excreta of laying hens
(2025) Sommerfeld, Vera; Hanauska, Anna; Huber, Korinna; Bennewitz, Jörn; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Feger, Martina; Föller, Michael; Oster, Michael; Ponsuksili, Siriluck; Schmucker, Sonja; Seifert, Jana; Stefanski, Volker; Wimmers, Klaus; Rodehutscord, Markus
The objectives of this study were to investigate whether an increased dietary myo-inositol (MI) supply translates into changes in MI concentrations and endogenous mucosal phosphatase activities in the intestine of laying hens and whether different laying hen strains respond differently to MI supplementation. The diets were corn–soybean meal-based and supplemented without (MI0) or with 1 (MI1), 2 (MI2), or 3 (MI3) g MI/kg feed. Ten hens per strain (Lohmann Brown-classic (LB) and Lohmann LSL-classic (LSL)) and diet were sacrificed at the age of 30 wk following a 4-wk stay in a metabolic unit. The blood plasma, digesta of the duodenum+jejunum and distal ileum, mucosa of the duodenum, and eggs were collected at wk 30. The concentration of MI in the blood plasma was increased by MI supplementation (P < 0.001); however, that of MI3 did not further increase compared with MI2. The concentration of MI in the duodenum+jejunum and ileum increased steadily (P < 0.001). The MI concentration in the duodenum+jejunum was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.017). The MI concentration in egg yolk was increased by MI supplementation (P < 0.001) and was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P = 0.015). Strain or diet did not affect mucosal phosphatase activity. Myo-inositol flow at the terminal ileum and postileal disappearance increased with each increment in MI supplementation (P < 0.001) and was higher in LB than in LSL hens (P ≤ 0.041). Regression analysis indicated that, on average, 84% of supplemented MI was retained in the body or metabolized and excreted in a different form. Based on the measured MI concentrations in the blood and eggs, dietary MI was not completely absorbed in the small intestine and, to a different extent, in the two laying hen strains. A higher dietary MI supply was followed by higher intestinal absorption or metabolism by microorganisms. The fate of supplemented MI and its relevance to birds warrant further research.
Ileal transcriptome profiles of Japanese quail divergent in phosphorus utilization
(2020) Oster, Michael; Reyer, Henry; Trakooljul, Nares; Weber, Frank M.; Xi, Lu; Muráni, Eduard; Ponsuksili, Siriluck; Rodehutscord, Markus; Bennewitz, Jörn; Wimmers, Klaus
Phosphorus (P) is an essential component for all living beings. Low P diets prompt phenotypic and molecular adaptations to maintain P homeostasis and increase P utilization (PU). Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of PU is needed to enable targeted approaches to improve PU efficiency and thus lower P excretion in animal husbandry. In a previous population study, Japanese quail were subjected to a low P diet lacking mineral P and exogenous phytase. Individual PU was determined based on total P intake and excretion. A subset of 20 extreme siblings discordant for PU was selected to retrieve gene expression patterns of ileum (n = 10 per PU group). Sequencing reads have been successfully mapped to the current Coturnix japonica reference genome with an average mapping rate of 86%. In total, 640 genes were found to be differentially abundant between the low and high PU groups (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05). Transcriptional patterns suggest a link between improved PU and mitochondrial energy metabolism, accelerated cell proliferation of enterocytes, and gut integrity. In assessing indicators of the efficient use of macro- and micronutrients, further research on turnover and proliferation rates of intestinal cells could provide an approach to improve P efficiency in poultry species.
Multi-omics reveals different strategies in the immune and metabolic systems of high-yielding strains of laying hens
(2022) Iqbal, Muhammad Arsalan; Reyer, Henry; Oster, Michael; Hadlich, Frieder; Trakooljul, Nares; Perdomo-Sabogal, Alvaro; Schmucker, Sonja; Stefanski, Volker; Roth, Christoph; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Huber, Korinna; Sommerfeld, Vera; Rodehutscord, Markus; Wimmers, Klaus; Ponsuksili, Siriluck
Lohmann Brown (LB) and Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) are two commercially important laying hen strains due to their high egg production and excellent commercial suitability. The present study integrated multiple data sets along the genotype-phenotype map to better understand how the genetic background of the two strains influences their molecular pathways. In total, 71 individuals were analyzed (LB, n = 36; LSL, n = 35). Data sets include gut miRNA and mRNA transcriptome data, microbiota composition, immune cells, inositol phosphate metabolites, minerals, and hormones from different organs of the two hen strains. All complex data sets were pre-processed, normalized, and compatible with the mixOmics platform. The most discriminant features between two laying strains included 20 miRNAs, 20 mRNAs, 16 immune cells, 10 microbes, 11 phenotypic traits, and 16 metabolites. The expression of specific miRNAs and the abundance of immune cell types were related to the enrichment of immune pathways in the LSL strain. In contrast, more microbial taxa specific to the LB strain were identified, and the abundance of certain microbes strongly correlated with host gut transcripts enriched in immunological and metabolic pathways. Our findings indicate that both strains employ distinct inherent strategies to acquire and maintain their immune and metabolic systems under high-performance conditions. In addition, the study provides a new perspective on a view of the functional biodiversity that emerges during strain selection and contributes to the understanding of the role of host–gut interaction, including immune phenotype, microbiota, gut transcriptome, and metabolome.