Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/12

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Computing optimal allocation of trials to subregions in crop‐variety testing in case of correlated genotype effects
(2025) Prus, Maryna; Prus, Maryna; Biostatistics Unit (340c), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
The subject of this work is the allocation of trials to subregions in crop variety testing in the case of correlated genotype effects. A solution for computation of optimal allocations using the OptimalDesign package in R is proposed. The obtained optimal designs minimize linear criteria based on the mean squared error matrix of the best linear unbiased prediction of the genotype effects. The proposed computational approach allows for any kind of additional linear constraint on the designs. The results are illustrated by a real data example.
How many checks are needed per cycle in a plant breeding or variety testing programme?
(2025) Piepho, Hans‐Peter; Laidig, Friedrich; Piepho, Hans‐Peter; Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Laidig, Friedrich; Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Check varieties are used in plant breeding and variety testing for a number of reasons. One important use of checks is to provide connectivity between years, which facilitates comparison among genotypes of interest that are tested in different years. When long‐term data are available, such comparisons allow an assessment of realized genetic gain (RGG). Here, we consider the question of how many check varieties are needed per cycle for a reliable assessment of RGG. We propose an approach that makes use of variance component estimates for relevant random effects in a linear mixed model and plugs them into an analysis of dummy datasets set up to represent the design options being considered. Our results show that it is useful to employ a larger number of checks and to keep the replacement rate low. Furthermore, there is intercycle information to be recovered, especially when there are few checks and replacement rates are high, so modelling the cycle main effect as random pays off.
Impacts of different light spectra on CBD, CBDA and terpene concentrations in relation to the flower positions of different cannabis Sativa L. strains
(2022) Reichel, Philipp; Munz, Sebastian; Hartung, Jens; Kotiranta, Stiina; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants, but plant breeding and cultivation are restricted by country-specific regulations. The plant has gained interest due to its medically important secondary metabolites, cannabinoids and terpenes. Besides biotic and abiotic stress factors, secondary metabolism can be manipulated by changing light quality and intensity. In this study, three morphologically different cannabis strains were grown in a greenhouse experiment under three different light spectra with three real light repetitions. The chosen light sources were as follows: a CHD Agro 400 ceramic metal-halide lamp with a sun-like broad spectrum and an R:FR ratio of 2.8, and two LED lamps, a Solray (SOL) and an AP67, with R:FR ratios of 13.49 and 4, respectively. The results of the study indicated that the considered light spectra significantly influenced CBDA and terpene concentrations in the plants. In addition to the different light spectra, the distributions of secondary metabolites were influenced by flower positions. The distributions varied between strains and indicated interactions between morphology and the chosen light spectra. Thus, the results demonstrate that secondary metabolism can be artificially manipulated by the choice of light spectrum, illuminant and intensity. Furthermore, the data imply that, besides the cannabis strain selected, flower position can have an impact on the medicinal potencies and concentrations of secondary metabolites.
Limitations of soil-applied non-microbial and microbial biostimulants in enhancing soil P turnover and recycled P fertilizer utilization - a study with and without plants
(2024) Herrmann, Michelle Natalie; Griffin, Lydia Grace; John, Rebecca; Mosquera-Rodríguez, Sergio F.; Nkebiwe, Peteh Mehdi; Chen, Xinping; Yang, Huaiyu; Müller, Torsten; Herrmann, Michelle Natalie; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Griffin, Lydia Grace; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; John, Rebecca; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Mosquera-Rodríguez, Sergio F.; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Nkebiwe, Peteh Mehdi; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Chen, Xinping; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Yang, Huaiyu; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Müller, Torsten; Institute of Crop Science, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Introduction: Phosphorus recovery from waste streams is a global concern due to open nutrient cycles. However, the reliability and efficiency of recycled P fertilizers are often low. Biostimulants (BS), as a potential enhancer of P availability in soil, could help to overcome current barriers using recycled P fertilizers. For this, a deeper understanding of the influence of BSs on soil P turnover and the interaction of BSs with plants is needed. Methods: We conducted an incubation and a pot trial with maize in which we testednon-microbial (humic acids and plant extracts) and microbial BSs (microbial consortia) in combination with two recycled fertilizers for their impact on soil P turnover, plant available P, and plant growth. Results and discussion: BSs could not stimulate P turnover processes (phosphatase activity, microbial biomass P) and had a minor impact on calcium acetate-lactate extractable P (CAL-P) in the incubation trial. Even though stimulation of microbial P turnover by the microbial consortium and humic acids in combination with the sewage sludge ash could be identified in the plant trial with maize, this was not reflected in the plant performance and soil P turnover processes. Concerning the recycled P fertilizers, the CAL-P content in soil was not a reliable predictor of plant performance with both products resulting in competitive plant growth and P uptake. While this study questions the reliability of BSs, it also highlights the necessity toimprove our understanding and distinguish the mechanisms of P mobilization in soil and the stimulation of plant P acquisition to optimize future usage.
Long-term breeding progress of yield, yield-related, and disease resistance traits in five cereal crops of German variety trials
(2021) Laidig, Friedrich; Feike, T.; Klocke, B.; Macholdt, J.; Miedaner, Thomas; Rentel, D.; Piepho, Hans-Peter
Plant breeding and improved crop management generated considerable progress in cereal performance over the last decades. Climate change, as well as the political and social demand for more environmentally friendly production, require ongoing breeding progress. This study quantified long-term trends for breeding progress and ageing effects of yield, yield-related traits, and disease resistance traits from German variety trials for five cereal crops with a broad spectrum of genotypes. The varieties were grown over a wide range of environmental conditions during 1988–2019 under two intensity levels, without (I1) and with (I2) fungicides and growth regulators. Breeding progress regarding yield increase was the highest in winter barley followed by winter rye hybrid and the lowest in winter rye population varieties. Yield gaps between I2 and I1 widened for barleys, while they shrank for the other crops. A notable decrease in stem stability became apparent in I1 in most crops, while for diseases generally a decrasing susceptibility was found, especially for mildew, brown rust, scald, and dwarf leaf rust. The reduction in disease susceptibility in I2 (treated) was considerably higher than in I1. Our results revealed that yield performance and disease resistance of varieties were subject to considerable ageing effects, reducing yield and increasing disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, we quantified notable achievements in breeding progress for most disease resistances. This study indicated an urgent and continues need for new improved varieties, not only to combat ageing effects and generate higher yield potential, but also to offset future reduction in plant protection intensity.
NAC transcription factors ATAF1 and ANAC055 affect the heat stress response in Arabidopsis
(2022) Alshareef, Nouf Owdah; Otterbach, Sophie L.; Allu, Annapurna Devi; Woo, Yong H.; de Werk, Tobias; Kamranfar, Iman; Mueller-Roeber, Bernd; Tester, Mark; Balazadeh, Salma; Schmöckel, Sandra M.; Alshareef, Nouf Owdah; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Otterbach, Sophie L.; Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Allu, Annapurna Devi; Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India; Woo, Yong H.; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; de Werk, Tobias; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Kamranfar, Iman; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam‐Golm, Germany; Mueller-Roeber, Bernd; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Tester, Mark; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Balazadeh, Salma; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Schmöckel, Sandra M.; Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Pre-exposing (priming) plants to mild, non-lethal elevated temperature improves their tolerance to a later higher-temperature stress (triggering stimulus), which is of great ecological importance. ‘Thermomemory’ is maintaining this tolerance for an extended period of time. NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that modulate responses to abiotic stresses, including heat stress (HS). Here, we investigated the potential role of NACs for thermomemory. We determined the expression of 104 Arabidopsis NAC genes after priming and triggering heat stimuli, and found ATAF1 expression is strongly induced right after priming and declines below control levels thereafter during thermorecovery. Knockout mutants of ATAF1 show better thermomemory than wild type, revealing a negative regulatory role. Differential expression analyses of RNA-seq data from ATAF1 overexpressor, ataf1 mutant and wild-type plants after heat priming revealed five genes that might be priming-associated direct targets of ATAF1: AT2G31260 (ATG9), AT2G41640 (GT61), AT3G44990 (XTH31), AT4G27720 and AT3G23540. Based on co-expression analyses applied to the aforementioned RNA-seq profiles, we identified ANAC055 to be transcriptionally co-regulated with ATAF1. Like ataf1, anac055 mutants show improved thermomemory, revealing a potential co-control of both NAC TFs over thermomemory. Our data reveals a core importance of two NAC transcription factors, ATAF1 and ANAC055, for thermomemory.

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