Fakultät Naturwissenschaften

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Biologie, Ernährungs-wissenschaften und Lebensmittelwissenschaften sind die Schwerpunkte der Fakultät. Die Forschung befasst sich mit Schlüsselthemen der Life Sciences.

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Browsing Fakultät Naturwissenschaften by Sustainable Development Goals "4"

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    CortexVR: Immersive analysis and training of cognitive executive functions of soccer players using virtual reality and machine learning
    (2022) Krupitzer, Christian; Naber, Jens; Stauffert, Jan-Philipp; Mayer, Jan; Spielmann, Jan; Ehmann, Paul; Boci, Noel; Bürkle, Maurice; Ho, André; Komorek, Clemens; Heinickel, Felix; Kounev, Samuel; Becker, Christian; Latoschik, Marc Erich
    Goal: This paper presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to analyze and train Executive Functions (EFs) of soccer players. EFs are important cognitive functions for athletes. They are a relevant quality that distinguishes amateurs from professionals. Method: The system is based on immersive technology, hence, the user interacts naturally and experiences a training session in a virtual world. The proposed system has a modular design supporting the extension of various so-called game modes. Game modes combine selected game mechanics with specific simulation content to target particular training aspects. The system architecture decouples selection/parameterization and analysis of training sessions via a coaching app from an Unity3D-based VR simulation core. Monitoring of user performance and progress is recorded by a database that sends the necessary feedback to the coaching app for analysis. Results: The system is tested for VR-critical performance criteria to reveal the usefulness of a new interaction paradigm in the cognitive training and analysis of EFs. Subjective ratings for overall usability show that the design as VR application enhances the user experience compared to a traditional desktop app; whereas the new, unfamiliar interaction paradigm does not negatively impact the effort for using the application. Conclusion: The system can provide immersive training of EF in a fully virtual environment, eliminating potential distraction. It further provides an easy-to-use analyzes tool to compare user but also an automatic, adaptive training mode.
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    Identification of novel genes including NAV2 associated with isolated tall stature
    (2023) Weiss, Birgit; Ott, Tim; Vick, Philipp; Lui, Julian C.; Roeth, Ralph; Vogel, Sebastian; Waldmüller, Stephan; Hoffmann, Sandra; Baron, Jeffrey; Wit, Jan M.; Rappold, Gudrun A.
    Very tall people attract much attention and represent a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of individuals. Identifying the genetic etiology can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating linear growth. We studied a three-generation pedigree with five isolated (non-syndromic) tall members and one individual with normal stature by whole exome sequencing; the tallest man had a height of 211 cm. Six heterozygous gene variants predicted as damaging were shared among the four genetically related tall individuals and not present in a family member with normal height. To gain insight into the putative role of these candidate genes in bone growth, we assessed the transcriptome of murine growth plate by microarray and RNA Seq. Two (Ift140, Nav2) of the six genes were well-expressed in the growth plate. Nav2 (p-value 1.91E-62) as well as Ift140 (p-value of 2.98E-06) showed significant downregulation of gene expression between the proliferative and hypertrophic zone, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and/or hypertrophic differentiation. IFT140, NAV2 and SCAF11 have also significantly associated with height in GWAS studies. Pathway and network analysis indicated functional connections between IFT140, NAV2 and SCAF11 and previously associated (tall) stature genes. Knockout of the all-trans retinoic acid responsive gene, neuron navigator 2 NAV2, in Xenopus supports its functional role as a growth promotor. Collectively, our data expand the spectrum of genes with a putative role in tall stature phenotypes and, among other genes, highlight NAV2 as an interesting gene to this phenotype.
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    Predictors of cardiopulmonary fitness in cancer-affected and -unaffected women with a pathogenic germline variant in the genes BRCA1/2 (LIBRE-1)
    (2022) Berling-Ernst, Anika; Yahiaoui-Doktor, Maryam; Kiechle, Marion; Engel, Christoph; Lammert, Jacqueline; Grill, Sabine; Dukatz, R.; Rhiem, Kerstin; Baumann, F. T.; Bischoff, Stephan C.; Erickson, N.; Schmidt, Thorsten; Niederberger, Uwe; Siniatchkin, M.; Halle, Martin; Berling-Ernst, A.; Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Yahiaoui-Doktor, M.; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Kiechle, M.; Department of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Engel, C.; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Lammert, J.; Department of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Grill, S.; Department of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Dukatz, R.; Department of Gynecology and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Rhiem, K.; Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; Baumann, F. T.; Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; Bischoff, S. C.; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Erickson, N.; Comprehensive Cancer Center Ludwig Maximillian University (CCC LMU), University of Munich Clinic, Munich, Germany; Schmidt, T.; University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), Kiel, Germany; Niederberger, U.; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Siniatchkin, M.; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Halle, M.; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich, Germany
    Physical activity (PA) helps prevention and aftercare of sporadic breast cancer (BC), cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF) being an age-independent predictor of tumor-specific mortality. Therefore, we wanted to identify predictors of CPF (represented by peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers whose risk of developing BC is high. We used cross-sectional data from 68 BRCA1/2 germline mutation carrying women participating in the randomized, prospective, controlled clinical study LIBRE-1. Assessments included cardiopulmonary exercise testing, medical and lifestyle history plus socioeconomic status. Additionally, the participants completed a psychological questionnaire regarding their attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and intention towards PA. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for participants reaching their age- and sex-adjusted VO2peak reference values. 22 participants (median age: 40 years, interquartile range (IQR) 33–46) were cancer-unaffected and 46 cancer-affected (median age: 44 years, IQR 35–50). The strongest predictor for reaching the reference VO2peak value was attitude towards PA (Odds Ratio 3.0; 95% Confidence Interval 1.3–8.4; p = 0.021). None of the other predictors showed a significant association. A positive attitude towards PA seems to be associated with VO2peak, which should be considered in developing therapeutic and preventive strategies.Trial registrations: NCT02087592; DRKS00005736.