Institut für Lebensmittelchemie

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Browsing Institut für Lebensmittelchemie by Sustainable Development Goals "13"

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    Combining spring wheat genotypes with contrasting root architectures modifies plant–microbe interactions under different water regimes
    (2025) Lattacher, Adrian; Le Gall, Samuel; Rothfuss, Youri; Harings, Moritz; Armbruster, Wolfgang; van Dusschoten, Dagmar; Pflugfelder, Daniel; Alahmad, Samir; Hickey, Lee T.; Kandeler, Ellen; Poll, Christian; Lattacher, Adrian; Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Le Gall, Samuel; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Rothfuss, Youri; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Harings, Moritz; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Armbruster, Wolfgang; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food and Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; van Dusschoten, Dagmar; Institute of Bio- and Geoscience, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Pflugfelder, Daniel; Institute of Bio- and Geoscience, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany; Alahmad, Samir; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Hickey, Lee T.; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Kandeler, Ellen; Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Poll, Christian; Soil Biology Department, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
    Background and Aims: Improving agricultural tolerance to climate change is crucial for food security. We investigated whether combining wheat genotypes with contrasting root architecture enhances plant performance under varying conditions. Specifically, we examined how these genotype mixtures affect nitrogen uptake, carbon release and root-microbe interactions compared to single-genotype plantings. Methods: We exposed monocultures and a mixture of shallow- and deep-rooting spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes separately to well-watered and water-deficit conditions in a column experiment. We determined plant and microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and β-glucosidase activity using soil zymography. Additionally, we followed carbon and nitrogen fluxes in the plant-soil-microorganism system by 13CO2 labelling of the atmosphere and 15N injection into top- and subsoil. Results: Combining wheat genotypes with contrasting root phenotypes influenced microbial activity and nutrient uptake depending on water availability. Under well-watered conditions, the mixture performed similarly to the respective monocultures. However, under water-deficit conditions, it exhibited complementary nutrient acquisition strategies where the deep-rooting genotype accessed deeper soil layers, while the shallow-rooting genotype relied more on topsoil nitrogen. This was accompanied by a reduced release of plant-derived carbon into the soil, resulting in lower microbial abundance and reduced β-glucosidase activity compared to monocultures. Conclusion: Our results show that plants grown in a mixture performed similarly to monocultures under well-watered conditions while acquiring nutrients more efficiently under water-deficit conditions. This highlights the potential suitability of combining genotypes with contrasting root phenotypes under climate change. However, yield effects remained untested due to experimental constraints, warranting further investigation under field conditions.
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    The natural product 2,4,6-tribromoanisole is the predominant polyhalogenated compound in representative Australian passive air samples
    (2025) Schweizer, Sina; Wang, Xianyu; Paxman, Chris; Mueller, Jochen F.; Vetter, Walter
    Passive air samplers are well-suited for monitoring persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in ambient air. While the presence of POPs had been documented in Australian air, no data existed on structurally similar, halogenated natural products (HNPs), although these were frequently found in marine biota samples from Australia at levels exceeding those of anthropogenic POPs. This study reports quantitative data of the HNP 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) along with three POPs (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 153 and 138 as well as hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) in six selected passive air samples from different Australian regions (islands, coastal cities, and inland). For the most abundant HNP, 2,4,6-TBA, time-averaged concentrations for one year were determined at up to 420 pg/m 3 (One Tree Island), indicating its predominant natural production in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). High concentrations of 2,4,6-TBA (17 pg/m 3 ), even in the remote inland sample (~ 800 km from the sea), led to the conclusion that the marine-derived 2,4,6-TBA was transported over long distances in air and can be found ubiquitously in Australian air. Even in the coastal cities of Brisbane and Darwin, 2,4,6-TBA levels were comparable to those of the PCBs. The HNP 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Q1) was also detected in air from two islands. Its presence in air from One Tree Island was in line with expectations, given the high levels in marine mammal samples from the GBR. In direct comparison, the ~15 times higher ratio of Q1/2,4,6-TBA in air from Phillip Island indicated Q1 could be even more abundant in this marine region than in the GBR.