Browsing by Subject "Abwehrreaktion"

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    Analysis of the structure of tomato mosaic virus movement protein based on virus host interactions
    (2011) Tanwir, Fariha; Pfitzner, Artur J. P.
    Viruses are obligatory plant pathogens causing sever diseases, and ultimately great losses in crop yield. Plant viruses, once entered in the cell, make use of host machinery for its own replication and moves from one cell to the other. Natural resistance against virus attack is achieved by the presence of resistance genes (R genes). R genes recognize viral avirulence (Avr) factors in elicitor-receptor manner to initiate resistance cascade. In tomato, the resistance genes Tm-I, Tm-2 and Tm-22 are used to protect the plants against infection by tomato mosaic virus.Tm-2 and Tm-22 require recognition of the viral 30kDa movement protein (MP) for triggering resistance response. Sequence analysis of Tm-2 and Tm-22 resistance breaking viruses have shown an amino-acid exchange at position 133 (E>K) is found in all Tm-2 resistance breaking virus strains, whereas, amino-acid exchange at position 130 (K>E) is associated with Tm-22 resistance breaking phenotype (Calder and Palukaitis, 1992). This suggests a physical interaction between resistance genes and 30kDa MP. In the present study, a unique Split GFP approach is used to analyse the structure and localization of different domains of 30kDa MP in S. cerviceae and N. benthamiana. Different deletion mutants were fused between two non-overlapping halves of GFP and expressed. Results showed that both N and C terminus as well as the middle part of 30kDa MP (aa 80-150) is present in the cytoplasm with two integral membrane loops. These findings are in contrast with previous in-vitro results, which suggest that middle part of 30kDa MP is present in ER lumen, whereas N and C terminus in cytoplasm (Brill et al., 2000). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that GFP fused 30kDa MP deletion mutants were localized on the cytoplasmic side of plasmamembrane and near plasmodesmata. Membrane association of fusion protein confirmed the proper folding and functionality of deletion mutants. Therefore, the structural model of ToMV 30kDa MP has to be revised. Secondly, to identify the host factors involved in resistance mechanism, initiated by Tm-2 and Tm-22 resistance genes, tomato mosaic virus based vectors were constructed. Two different types of in-vivo transcription vectors were constructed, one containing both right and left border of the T-DNA (pBinSLN) and one without the right border (pBinSLN-RB). Self replication of these vectors were analysed in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and S. lycopersicum. It was found that the deletion of RB does not affect virus replication, when agro-infiltrated in N. benthamiana. pBinSLN-RB was used further for the isolation of a stable and vigorous Tm-2 and Tm-22 resistance breaking ToMV strain through a novel selection scheme. ToMV2-22 contains two amino-acid exchanges at position 54(N>D) and 133(E>K). ToMV2-22 is the first mutant strain of ToMV, which can escape both Tm-2 and Tm-22 resistance simultaneously.