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Browsing by Subject "Landtechnik"

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Anforderungen an Marketingkonzepte für Großtraktoren unter Berücksichtigung des Wandels landwirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen
(2017) Thiel, Jörg; Köller, Karlheinz
Influenced by the volatility of markets, socio-political and sales-oriented measures, the agricultural equipment industry has always been subject to constant change. In particular, in terms of the currently focused aspect of sustainability in agricultural production systems, the design of innovative approaches for more efficient and resource-saving methods is required. Increasingly directed by the recent tense situation in the entire agricultural sector, the expectations of farmers and contractors towards modern agricultural technology change, which plays a key role in this context. From this result both new courses of action and increased challenges for the agricultural engineering industry. The internationalization of markets and the high level of saturation, especially in the European tractor market, in conjunction with increasing homogenization of products due to decreasing unique selling propositions characterize the problem discussed. With concomitant competitive pressure it is therefore very difficult for manufacturers to implement a stable customer loyalty. In addition to the development of agritechnical innovations in the range of products, the service and consulting field with focus on customer orientation gain in importance. Modern marketing strategies with the central goal of customer loyalty provide the basis for successful implementation and marketing of products and services. In this research study considering the changes of agricultural and agritechnological conditions the essential requirements for marketing concepts in agricultural technology are shown, in particular in the product segment of large tractors The radical structural changes in German agriculture caused and influenced by both agricultural and economic policy as well as socio-economic aspects, implicate increasing requirements for todays agricultural engineering industry. The current trends regarding technology and market trends combined with the changes named above accelerate this development evidently. Based on the developed basics of marketing on the current state of scientific knowledge the agricultural engineering sector is examined. Same Deutz-Fahr is focused first followed by the status quo of competitors. By a Germany-wide empirical assessment of farmers and contractors customer requirements in the area of large tractors are determined. Current methods of introducing new products in agricultural technology as well as additional services from manufacturers, as known from comparable sectors, are the main focus of the survey. A clear trend towards expressive marketing concepts from the customers perspective, such as field days or leasing and rental machines, is indicated. Furthermore, the respondents showed a keen interest in additional services and advice to increase efficiency in the sense of an optimized use of machinery. The introduction and establishment of possible approaches was equally considered useful and desirable. Based on the results of this data collection, the concept of operational and project consulting of Zeppelin Baumaschinen GmbH is further investigated using a guided interview with experts. A number of benefits on enquirer as well as on the supply side could be identified. In addition to the sales decisive factor of customer loyalty on the one hand, the counterpart is benefiting by an expanded service and consultancy of professional support in its daily business. Taking into account the similarities and differences in service and consulting the transferability of abovementioned services from the construction equipment industry to the agricultural equipment is exemplified checked on SDF. The subsequent analysis designed to determine how the survey results in case of an implementation are taken into account, reflects the positive expectations. In addition to image profits across the industry this can result in an increased customer loyalty and a strengthened brand positioning of SDF. In the future modern marketing concepts in combination with advanced services and advice from the manufacturers are going to gain in importance for the reasons stated. Innovative ideas are able to increase the emotional bond of the customers by personalized service and added value for its public image. Especially in times of economic volatility the shown approach has a lot of potential, to win confidence and promote the willingness to invest even of skeptical customers.
Aspects of incorporating biodegradable textiles to improve sports turf
(2023) Stürmer-Stephan, Bastian; Griepentrog, Hans
Due to climate change and the need to save water, water consumption must be reduced not only in agriculture but also in urban areas. There are 55,072 sports fields in Germany that have to be irrigated in summer. In order to reduce the amount of irrigation, two approaches were researched and discussed in this thesis. The first approach is to adapt new sports fields to the local weather conditions. This approach is a decision support system, based on a model. The input variables are recorded weather data from the German Weather Service for the location where the new sports field is to be built, the hydrological properties of the substrates, and the expected costs. An optimized dimensioning of the rootzone layer is calculated by an EA solver of Microsoft Excel. This thickness of the layer can be used for the construction project. This was calculated exemplary for 3 locations. The presented model needs to be further evaluated through field trials. For existing sports fields, the root zone layer can only be changed with great effort. In this case, a biodegradable nonwoven can be installed in an existing sports field with drainage layer structure. This nonwoven transport water from the deeper drainage layer into the root zone of the turf through the capillaries, so that the water is available to the turf. To achieve this function, the 150 mm wide nonwoven must be installed vertically at a depth of 170 mm +-20 mm. During installation, the ground cover must not be reduced and the roughness of the surface must not be increased. In the present work, a device is presented, that cuts the turf, opens a furrow, incorporates the nonwoven and then closes the furrow. The device is mounted on the tractor and consists of a height guide, a cutting disc, a box coulter and a pressure roller. The device was tested on three plots with a layer structure in Stuttgart. The cutting disc works properly because no clogging was observed. A measurement frame equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, a laser range finder and a feeler wheel determined the surface roughness before and after incorporating the nonwoven. The results showed a significant increase in roughness. In order to reduce the negative impact to the ground surface, it would be possible to increase the ballasting of the device. However, harmful soil compaction must be avoided. The uniform working depth of the developed device was determined with a tachymeter and showed a deviation from the nominal depth of less than 20 mm. The results show that this meets the requirements for the device. Ground cover was measured before and after installing the nonwoven. The turf damage was less than 15 % of the ground cover, which meets the playability requirements. Reconsolidation was determined by penetrologger and evaluated in profile. The soil recompaction, measured as penetration resistance, was similar to the status quo, except in the area close to the nonwoven, where the recompaction failed. The furrows of the developed device can be recompacted more effectively by using two pressure roller, attached V-shaped. But it must be verified that the two pressure rollers do not cause ridge formation, as is the case with seed drills. Overall, the performance of the device can be considered positive, but improvements are still needed to improve reconsolidation. These improvements can be verified in future investigations. At the same time, the effectiveness of the nonwoven must be evaluated in the future. Preliminary tests have shown that the capillary action is sufficient to transport water from the drainage layer to the root zone.
Beitrag zur Untersuchung des Innovationsgeschehens und ausgewählter Unternehmen der deutschen Landmaschinenindustrie von den Anfängen bis in die 1970er Jahre
(2017) Krombholz, Klaus; Köller, Karlheinz
Industrial production of agricultural equipment had already begun in the 18th century in England. First of all, the USA and from the middle of the 19th century onwards also Germany increasingly followed this development. Though this sector had primarily been characterized by crafts enterprises and small establishments for a long time, already in the 19th century the first large companies had arisen. During the following time, however, the small and mediumsize enterprises still dominated. Only as from the middle of the 20th century a gradual trend to large companies was to be found that began to prevail more and more also in Germany from the end of the 20th century. Within the agricultural engineering of the GDR this development had already taken place some decades earlier. After a relatively continuous development during the first decades essential changes in the corporate landscape occurred after a time of economic boom in the 1920s. This process was fortified by inflation and the depression. The majority of the large concerns established in the time of startups were affected thereby. The overcapacity generated again from a boom in the 1950s resulted in serious structural changes and in reducing the potential. Though the agricultural engineering of West Germany experienced a short special boom by the reunification at the beginning of the 1990s, the decrease in turnover as from the middle of the 1980s decisively influenced the corporate landscape during the 1990s. In this period foreign companies became active on the market to a great extent and advanced the globalisation of the sector. The agricultural industry in East Germany had diminished to a negligible dimension already in the middle of the 1990s. The German agriculture at first supplied themselves with agricultural engineering by imports primarily from England and the USA. However, already in the first decades of the 20th century the German industry of agricultural machinery could overcome the dependence on imports to a large extent and in the following they could achieve first places within the export rates in the international comparison by increasing own export rates. Beside the first own developments of the products, initially, the reproduction and replication of English and American prototypes dominated. In the second half of the 20th century, German developments were, above all, derived from American products in decreasing tendency. Finally, as from the 1990s, when the highest requirements were given to the agricultural machinery of the East German agricultural large enterprises on the local market, the German agricultural engineering grew to a leading driver of innovation. Though the German agricultural technicians also innovatively dealt with the whole range of the mechanisation solutions for the agricultural sector already very early, the product groups ripened at different times and were accepted and applied by the farming practice. Under this aspect, the innovation process was divided up into the former and later innovation areas. In the initial period the whole current agricultural technical product line was prevalently offered in the German agricultural machinery industry, whereas the assortment was subdivided in own developments, follow-up developments and reproductions as well as trading goods. At first, the enterprises only little focused on specialising in a limited assortment. This development increasingly began only as from the 1920s. From this point of view also the larger concerns only very rarely could aim at high-volume production. Especially the German production of tractors that was distributed among a large number of enterprises up to the 1960s had been burdened by comparatively low quantities and therefore by predominantly small-lot and medium-sized serial production for a long time. By contrast, the agricultural machinery of the GDR with its relatively small assortment was, in most of its product programmes, oriented towards high-sized serial production with extremely high export shares already from the 1960s onwards.
Betriebswirtschaftliche Analyse des Einsatzes moderner Agrartechnik in der Körnerfrüchteproduktion in Russland.
(2007) Vorontsova, Tatiana; Zeddies, Jürgen
The dissertation in hand refers to the optimisation of conventional cultivation methods by the use of resource-saving technologies in cereal production at six agricultural survey enterprises in the Region of Samara/Russia. The aim of the optimisation is to estimate the economic efficiency of the changeover from conventional to resource-saving cultivation methods as well as to evaluate the use of agricultural machinery adapted to the specific technology, and, starting from this basis, to develop practice-oriented and efficiency-increasing solutions. Agriculture is still one of the most important branches of the economy in the Region of Samara on the middle Volga. The climatic conditions are not optimal for a successful grain production, while this branch plays an important role in the region. Despite of the positive development, in grain production in the Region of Samara the production potential has not yet been completely used. During the last years a considerable reduction in the agricultural machinery stock could be noticed, mainly because of obsolescence and wastage of the agricultural machinery as well as the small number of new purchases. The equipment at the disposal of the agricultural enterprises for plant cultivation, during the years 1990 to 2002 ? if compared to the requirements in agricultural technics ? amounted to approximately 46 percent of the tractors needed and approximately 56 percent of the combine harvesters needed. This entailed that the optimal time periods were not matched which, as a consequence, led to the reduction in the yields and an extension of the area not harvested. In order to create favorable conditions for an efficient grain production and for the development of the grain market in the Region of Samara, in 1998 the programme for the "Improvement of the grain production by the application of resource and accordingly watersaving cultivation methods 1998-2002" was starting to be implemented. The changeover from conventional cultivation methods to the use of resource-saving methods including modern and efficient agricultural technics represents a big challenge especially for medium-sized and small farms with a restricted financial potential. Through excluding ploughing from the soil cultivation work process as a most cost-intensive operation, as a result of the optimisation, machine costs can be reduced considerably under the system of preserving soil tillage. On average, these machine costs amount to 18.3 ?/ha with no-till cultivation, and are thus approximately 6 percent lower than with the conventional cultivation methods that were practised in the survey enterprises before. The average machine costs for direct drilling methods amount to approximately 15 ?/ha and can consequently be further reduced by about 18 percent if compared to no-till cultivation methods, and by approximately 22 percent if compared to conventional production methods. However, in the case of applying modern agricultural technics for resource-saving cultivation methods, the resulting fixed costs considerably surmount those of conventional cultivation methods. The modern agricultural machinery shows, however, a substantially higher performance potential. In the long-term, it can be assumed that the modern agricultural machines in this context are the more efficient solution. Moreover, the economic efficiency analysis of the cultivation methods? rearrangement rendered considerable advantages as to the development of labour demand and costs at the questioned agricultural enterprises. The application of resource-saving cultivation methods contributes to a noticeable decrease in labour demand. Under application of optimised cultivation methods, the labour cost is approximately 1.3 ?/ha or 60 percent lower than the total labour costs in the case of conventional cultivation methods. Although the implementation of resource-saving cultivation methods basically does not require an intensified application of fertilisers and pesticides, their aplication volume is being raised and adapted to the necessary level within the frame of the optimisation process. Under favourable weather conditions thus an increase of the yield per hectare as well as of the quality, and in the medium-term, a positive influence on the cereal production can be expected. As result of the conducted optimisation of cultivation methods and of the implementation of the recommended measures at the survey agricultural enterprises in the Region of Samara, a change in the obtained gross margin can be detained. The average gross margin decreases under no-till cultivation by approximately 24 percent and amounts to 58 ?/ha. The calculated gross margin for the direct drilling methods amounts to 61 ?/ha and is still below the amount effected under conventional cultivation methods. The calculated equilibrium points at the fact that the implementation of the optimised cultivation methods requires an increase of the hectare yield in the survey farms by 2.5 dt/ha on average. In order to reach a positive economic effect or at least the same economic efficiency as with use of conventional cultivation methods, the hectare yield should be increased to approximately 23 dt/ha or, by 12 percent. In spite of the findings resulting from the optimisation calculations that the gross margins are reduced with direct drilling as well as with no-till cultivation methods, the results in Samara Region, however, indicate a continuous increase of the economic efficiency under the condition of a long-term application of resource-saving cultivation methods in cereal production. The rearrangement of the conventional cultivation methods towards the optimised resource-saving technologies is under these conditions for the survey agricultural enterprises advantageous in a long-term view.
DIY Insektenscheuche : Konzept und Umsetzung im Projekt InsectMow
(2024) Frank, Jonas
Quick guide to building the insect flushing bar from the InsectMow project
Entwicklung einer selektiv arbeitenden Reihenhackmaschine mit elektrisch angetriebenem Werkzeug zur Unkrautregulierung im ökologischen Zuckerrübenanbau
(2018) Bucher, Ulrich Paul; Köller, Karlheinz
Weed control within the planted rows continues to present a major challenge to organic sugar beet farmers. As sugar beet is very susceptible to competition from weeds during its early development, it is essential that farmers ensure that the soil is kept weed-free until row closure. Mechanical hoeing is available for the soil between the rows, but often only manual hoeing can be used for weed control within the row, with the exception of a small number of non-selective row hoeing techniques. Depending on the level of weed infestation in the field, its use can fluctuate within a range of 60 to 340 Akh/ha. A project for the development of a selectively working row hoeing machine was jointly started in 2009 at Universität Hohenheim with the Baden-Wuerttemberg Ministry for Nutrition and Rural Affairs, the Association of Baden-Wuerttemberg Sugar Beet Growers and Schmotzer, based in Bad Windsheim, to support organic sugar beet cultivation. The project was based on a single-row hoeing machine prototype from a previous project, which already had an image processing algorithm for the selection and positioning of sugar beets. There were also two tool shapes for weed control within a row of sugar beets. These hoeing tools were powered by a hydraulic motor, the speed of which was regulated by a PWM solenoid valve based on driving speed and image processing. Field tests were carried out with both at the start of the follow-on project, and a new design of hoeing tool was also tested. The quality of work performed by the three tools was then compared. The extent of the worked and unworked area within a simulated row of sugar beets was examined, among other aspects, and the method of operation and susceptibility of the tool to becoming blocked when it met larger weeds were also assessed. A mobile electric high-voltage drive was also designed with Ludwigsburg-based Jetter AG, in parallel to the field experiments, in view of problems experienced with the control dynamics of the hydraulic drive. Field experiments were then conducted with the advanced prototype under practical conditions on two test sites in Hohenheim during the following vegetation period. The row hoeing machine was compared with various methods, including manual hoeing combined with a standard hoeing machine for the soil between the rows, and also compared to the results achieved by using conventional chemical weed control. Following the initial practical experiments and the findings obtained from them, the row hoeing machine was further revised and a second row was added. The field experiments were then repeated in the same arrangement as in the previous year, again at two sites, using this two-row hoeing machine. After a two-year long test phase, it is clear that the use of a selectively working row hoeing machine reduces manual work by up to 40 %, depending on the extent of the weeds. Manual weed control continues to be indispensable for removing weeds in the immediate vicinity of the sugar beet plants, which can have an adverse impact on the yield if not removed. Furthermore, the use of the row hoeing machine leads to an unavoidable loss of plants, which, to a certain extent, neither affects the technical quality nor overall harvest of the sugar beets. In contrast, later weeding after row closure can cause significant loss of yield. In conclusion, it is worth mentioning that image processing reaches its limits under difficult conditions of up to 400 weeds per m2. The image processing algorithm also requires further improvement. By contrast, the mobile electrical high-voltage drive and the continuously moving shape of the hoeing tool both fulfill all requirements. Future developments should focus on the further improvement and optimisation of plant recognition and thus the differentiation between cultivated plants and weeds and their position in front of the hoeing machine. The working speed could be increased to more than 3.6 km/h with a faster and more precise image processing method, and damage to plants, or even loss of sugar beet plants, could then be prevented or minimised.
Gerbers biographisches Lexikon der Agrarwissenschaften : Persönlichkeiten aus Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Veterinärmedizin ; Festausgabe zum 90. Geburtstag von Th. Gerber
(2021) Boettcher, Hartmut; Raupp, Manfred G.; Gerber, Theophil
Potential and prospects of a brand differentiation in the agricultural engineering, using the example of the multi-brand company CNH Industrial
(2023) Münd, Benjamin; Köller, Karlheinz
CNH Industrial unites three agricultural brands, Case IH, Steyr and New Holland. With miscellaneous mergers in the past, these former independent manufacturers of agricultural equipment were combined in one company. A lot of synergies were used and are still being used to maximize the profit of the parent company CNH Industrial and to reduce complexity. Through this harmonization process, the tractor models of the three brands became more and more similar with less distinctive features which leads to a high comparability of the brands Case IH, Steyr and New Holland and its tractor product line up above 55 hp. This results in a strong competition between these brands because in most countries the dealer network is separated for New Holland and Case IH/Steyr and every distribution partner is independent and strives for their own profitability. Due to this, the internal competition prevents external competition with tractors from other manufacturers, which generates cannibalization effects and reduces the profit of the three brands, CNH Industrial and the dealers. Structural changes in the European agriculture led to bigger farms with in total less tractor registrations per year what intensifies additionally the competition for tractor manufacturers. A survey with farmers and contractors from Germany, UK and France showed, that a brand and product differentiation would make sense and would bring a sustainable benefit for all three brands and their parent company CNH Industrial. Because of the history of all three brands and loyal long-term customers, a merger to one CNH Industrial brand is not efficient and expedient. It is important to identify the right customer group for each brand, to know the customers’ requirements and to offer the appropriate products and technical solutions. The network of distribution partners (dealers) is the key factor for an efficient market development. The professionalism of the dealers is mainly determining the success of a brand and its products in the market and the perception of the farmers and contractors. The professionalization of the dealer and collaboration between manufacturing company and dealer is essential. Also, the country of production of the tractors has a significant impact on the customer perception and appreciation. “Made in Germany” is still a quality characteristic and explains partially the high appreciation of Fendt and John Deere as premium tractors for professional farmers and contractors. Steyr as one brand of CNH Industrial AG which only produces tractors has a valid potential to establish to a premium tractor brand in Europe. Due to little negative connotations of customers and a straightforward history the brand has a good base for this development purpose. Bottom line, there are manifold possibilities to achieve a differentiation that is perceived by the customers as such. However, several actions are only feasible mid- or long-term. A product differentiation makes sense to reach a broad base of customers. Certainly, it is undisputed that a product differentiation is connected to high investment. If it is economically viable for the CNH Industrial group remains to be evaluated.
Prognose der Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes: eine Expertenbefragung nach der Delphi-Methode
(2001) Wübben, Dirk; Vorgrimler, Daniel
Das Ziel der Studie ist die Prognose der Entwicklungen auf dem Agrartechnikmarkt für Deutschland und Westeuropa. Als Prognoseverfahren diente die Delphi-Methode, eine mehrstufige Expertenbefragung mit Rückkopplung. Als zentrale Untersuchungsbereiche umfasst die Studie zum einen die Ermittlung der wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren auf die Nachfrage und die Abschätzung der Agrartechniknachfrage der Jahre 2005 und 2010 und zum anderen die Abschätzung der zukünftigen Entwicklung der Angebotsstruktur. Des Weiteren werden die wichtigsten erwarteten Tendenzen im Marketing aufgezeigt. Im Zusammenhang mit dem in der Landwirtschaft erwarteten Strukturwandel ist damit zu rechnen, dass wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte bei den Investitionsentscheidungen der Landwirte eine immer größere Bedeutung erlangen. Während für die stückmäßige Nachfrage nach Agrartechnik ein Rückgang prognostiziert wird, wird nach Ansicht der Experten ? bedingt durch die erwarteten qualitativen Verschiebungen ? die monetäre Nachfrage relativ stabil bleiben. Auf der Angebotsseite wird eine weitere Zunahme der Marktkonzentration erwartet. Der Wandel vom Verkäufer- zum Käufermarkt wird sich fortsetzen. Daher treten im Marketing kundenbezogene Serviceleistungen in den Vordergrund.
The adoption of agricultural machinery and its economic impacts in China
(2023) Quan, Xiuhao; Doluschitz, Reiner
In modern agriculture, machinery plays an important role to substitute manual labor and to improve productivity and economic performance of farm households. Conventional agricultural machinery in crop production includes tractors, cultivators, tillers, combine harvesters, pumps, threshers, planters, fertilizer spreaders, seeders, etc. In recent years, as an innovative agricultural machinery, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been adopted in precision agriculture for crop monitoring and crop spraying. However, factors influencing Chinese farmers’ adoption of agricultural machinery and the economic impacts of the adoption have not been adequately studied, especially regarding farm machinery in maize production and UAVs in precision agriculture. In addition, there is limited literature that systematically summarizes the use of UAVs in maize production. The development of UAV-based pattern management in Chinese agriculture and the prerequisites for adopting and implementing this approach remain unclear. By utilizing farm household data, qualitative methods, and econometric quantitative methods, this dissertation aims to (i) identify the factors influencing the adoption of farm machinery and UAVs by Chinese farmers; (ii) estimate the economic impacts of adopting farm machinery and UAVs; (iii) provide an overview of UAV applications in maize production; (iv) study the prerequisites for adopting and implementing UAV-based pattern management in Chinese agriculture; (v) outline and recommend policy instruments to promote the use of farm machinery and UAVs in China. The empirical results indicate that the determinants of farm machinery adoption and UAV adoption can be attributed by three major aspects: farmer characteristics (e.g., age, education level, and perceptions about agricultural machinery), farm characteristics (e.g., farm size, land fragmentation, and cooperative membership), and other external socio-economic factors (e.g., subsidies, technical assistance, and labor shortages). The adoption of farm machinery and UAVs has shown significantly positive economic effects. However, the effects vary among farm household types due to the heterogeneous farm characteristics and socio-economic conditions. Farm machinery use significantly increased maize yield by 0.216 tons/ha and improved labor productivity by 18.65%. Young, male, and better-educated farmers benefit more from adopting farm machinery, and farms located in plain regions with cooperative membership and rented land can gain higher economic benefits from machinery use. In addition, the impacts of farm machinery adoption on maize yield and labor productivity slightly decrease with farm size. The adoption of UAVs in pesticide application significantly increased revenue and reduced the time spent on pesticide application by approximately 434-488 USD/ha and 14.4-15.8 hours/ha, respectively. In terms of marginal revenue and marginal time spent on pesticide application, the optimal area for using UAVs in pesticide spraying is estimated to be 20 hectares of arable land, suggesting that small and medium-scale farmers are the main beneficiaries of UAV adoption. For the wide application of UAV-based pattern management in precision agriculture, certain socio-economic and technical prerequisites are necessary. These include farmers possessing adequate UAV-related capabilities, relatively large farm sizes, availability of UAV-related subsidies, and superior UAV performance. Balancing the pros and cons, the effective promotion of farm machinery in maize production and UAVs in precision agriculture requires the establishment of a comprehensive socio-economic institution. This institution should integrate strategies from both the public and private sectors such as the implementation of land consolidation, the establishment of agricultural machinery cooperatives for benefit-risk sharing, the provision of practical training and education on agricultural machinery, and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery. Due to the heterogeneous effects of farm machinery adoption and UAV adoption, it is necessary to develop customized extension services tailored to various types of farm households to prevent inequity among farmers.
Untersuchungen zur zweiphasigen Vergärung von Grassilage
(2013) Zielonka, Simon
The anaerobic digestion of grass silage as a single substrate, which is a problematic substrate in CSTR digesters, was researched at the State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy at the University of Hohenheim. Lab research was conducted at a two-phase biogas plant consisting of a leach bed reactor and an anaerobic filter. The research goal was to identify and to optimize relevant process parameters, to be able to judge if this biogas process is a possible alternative to biogas processes that are in use in praxis. At the test biogas plant, which consists of five pairs of reactors, we observed the effects of the varied parameters on the methane yield and its distribution to the two phases, the degree of degradation and the amount of leached COD from the leach bed reactor. The results show that the separation of the phases could be improved by frequent exchange of the leachate. The research into the leach bed reactor temperature shows that the fastest and highest methane production of the two-phase biogas plant occurs at a temperature of 55°C. The use of different substrates result in individual digestion characteristics that majorly affect the quality of the phase separation. In total, a stable digestion process was observed in all experiments, and at optimal parameters of the test plant, methane yields comparable to one phase reference systems were reached. However, the retention time of one kilogram of organic dry matter was only 25 days. The experiments showed the efficiency of the discontinuous two-phase anaerobic digestion process with a leach bed reactor and an anaerobic filter. Relevant aspects for the operation and the optimisation of the process were discovered.

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