Browsing by Subject "Nutztierhaltung"

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    Adaption and assessment of a UHF-RFID system for livestock management
    (2018) Adrion, Felix; Gallmann, Eva
    A prerequisite for the implementation of concepts of precision livestock farming is data acquisition on the level of the individual animal, which is only possible on a large scale by applying electronic animal identification. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems in the ultra-high frequency range (UHF, 860 – 960 MHz) offer the possibility of simultaneous detection of transponders and a variably adjustable read range of more than 3 m. Until now, these systems were, however, only insufficiently adapted to the operating conditions in livestock farming. In collaboration with industry partners, passive UHF-RFID transponders for integration into ear tags for cattle and pigs and readers have been developed and tested. The objective of this thesis was the adaption and assessment of this UHF-RFID system for livestock farming. In particular, 1) the construction and test of a static test bench for UHF-RFID ear tags, 2) the development of a method of measuring the influence of ear tissue on the performance of UHF-RFID ear tags, and 3) the application and validation of the UHF-RFID system for monitoring of trough visits of growing-finishing pigs should be carried out. The experiments supported the selection and further development of UHF transponder ear tags and reader antennas for application in livestock farming. A suitable test method for UHF-RFID technology in the fields of research covered was established and applied for the first time. It repeatedly became clear during the experiments that the greatest challenge for the application of UHF transponders in ear tags is the reduction of the sensitivity against ear tissue. In addition to the monitoring of animal health with UHF-RFID, further research could be carried out regarding the positioning of animals for measurement of motion activity, the combination of transponders with sensors, for example, to measure body temperature, and the utilisation of the technology for implementation of the Internet of Things in food supply chains.
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    Bewertung praxisüblicher Mastschweinehaltungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen hinsichtlich der Tiergerechtheit
    (2002) Zaludik, Katrina; Valle Zárate, Anne
    The aim of this study was to assess animal welfare in conventional fattening pig systems. Development of means to improve animal welfare shall put the producer in a position to structure the production more in line with consumer requirements. To carry out this assessment the data of 100 fattening pig farms in North-Rhine Westphalia have been analysed. The study comprises of two parts, firstly the collection of operational data and data of housingsystems, and secondly behaviour investigations. In the analysis of the farm data it was found that, particularly in farms with slatted systems important points of the SVHO (1995) were not followed. Deficits were found in space allowance, dimensions of the slatted floors, drinking systems and objects for occupation. Problems apparent in all housing systems were mainly caused by climatic conditions and lighting. In the observational data the most frequent observation was the lying behaviour. This was significantly lower in deep litter systems. The values for the lying behaviour were in line with the figures quoted in the literature for intensively kept pigs. Animals on farms with straw systems, were significantly more active than animals on farms with fully slatted floors, due to the incentives given by the availability of straw. In slatted floor systems the manipulation of penmate and occupational objects were much higher represented in the total behaviour than in straw systems. Abnormal behaviour was found in all housing systems, however only in small amounts. At the end of this study suggestions for ways of improvement were made specific to the relevant husbandry systems, which included housing as well as management factors.
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    Entwicklung, Implementierung und Bewertung eines IT-Systems zur Prozessdokumentation und -unterstützung in der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung
    (2010) Kuhlmann, Arne; Jungbluth, Thomas
    In livestock farming, the use of automation technology is common. Automation technology is able to perform sub-processes, whereby the farmer is supported in his daily work. The data produced by this technology is usually monitored manually. The same applies to the collection of process parameters such as resource consumption and climate data. Therefore overall process monitoring and process documentation require high workload. Caused by structural change and the demand for food safety and traceability, livestock farming needs to introduce information technology. This document is dealing with the topics collection, storage, usage and exchange of data on farms and in their environment using the example of pig fattening. A stable for fattening pigs was used to analyse the conditions, requirements and implementation options for achieving the objectives process documentation and process support. Based on the conclusions drawn, a prototype was developed, that focuses on the full integration of all technical components in the stable using communication and data standards. Besides the presentation and evaluation of the system, concrete benefits for science and practice are presented using selected examples. Furthermore possibilities for improvements regarding the used technologies and standards are pointed out.
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    Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Wirkung neuartiger Ureaseinhibitoren in der Nutztierhaltung
    (2008) Reinhardt-Hanisch, Annett; Hartung, Eberhard
    Due to the agreements held by Germany in international and national programmes to reduce climate and environmental deterioration particularly in relation to ammonia emissions from livestock housing, additional measures have to be taken in order to ensure that international and national objectives will be achieved. Within the framework of a BMBF-funded interdisciplinary research project, new types of urease inhibitors had been tested for application in animal housing. The present work shows the necessary basic studies, which formed the basis for the investigations under conditions similar stall conditions and in practice stall in the second part of the project (LEINKER, 2007). The main objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of different urease inhibitors on urea hydrolysis, and thus to quantify the ammonia release of urea applied on cattle slurry under standardized, reproducible and controlled laboratory conditions and to investigate possible influencing factors (Pre-screening). Subsequent objectives result in the following: development of an appropriate measuring system and implementation of a standardized test, study of various urease inhibitors at different substrate temperatures and inhibitor concentrations, selection of the urease inhibitor which has the best reduction effect, and quantification of other factors influencing the effect of the selected urease inhibitor. In order to assess the inhibitor effect, the protonated ammonium and the available ammonia in slurry should be detected by means of conducting slurry analysis. In addition, the first indications of a long-term effect of the selected urease inhibitor, its impact on biogas accumulation, and its effect on liquid swine manure should be derived. In order to carry out the investigations, a water-tank measuring system had been configured and validated. The 28 measuring tanks of the measurement system, where each tank was filled by 2 l of slurry, worked according to the principle of dynamic chamber and were kept at constant temperature using a water bath. A gas analysis based on NDIR spectroscopy had been used in order to sustain continuous measurement of ammonia concentrations in the measuring device. The standardized test, applied in the main experiments, had been developed in the preliminary experiments. Among the five pre screened urease inhibitors (four new active agents + reference NBTPT active ingredient), the urease inhibitor D is selected for further investigations in the project, as this is the best inhibitor having significant reduction effect, which was in general dependent on the substrate temperature and the inhibitor concentration in terms of ammonia release. For an effective reduction of ammonia release, it seems useful to deploy more often smaller quantities of the inhibitor. The urease inhibitor D showed a significant reduction effect regardless of the origin and the layer thickness of the respective liquid manure. In comparison with the urease inhibitor D treated variants, more urea is significantly converted to ammonia and ammonium-nitrogen at a layer thickness of 4 mm than at a layer thickness of 90 mm. Apart from the ammonia release, the resulting nitrogen balance of all the tests showed no indication of further significant gaseous nitrogen losses, e.g. as nitrous oxide. In the experiments, no significant influence of urease inhibitor D had been detected on the (urea independent) basic release of ammonia from the respective liquid manure resulting from the degradation of organic substances. In practice, this means that the use of urease inhibitors is only reasonable in the presence of urea. The preliminary related investigations showed that the duration effect of the urease inhibitor D is dependent on temperature; no adverse effects caused by the inhibitor D of treated slurry on the biogas accumulation. Similar relations, as in cattle slurry, had been recognized and showed for the urease inhibitor D in pig slurry. As part of the investigations, a urease inhibitor is selected for cattle and pig slurry urea hydrolysis, and thus the ammonia release is significantly reduced. The basic investigations afforded an important contribution to the expansion of knowledge in this area, and lead on the other hand to develop new techniques in order to reduce the ammonia emissions from livestock housing.