Browsing by Subject "Process-wastewater"

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    Biochemical methane potential of a biorefinery’s process-wastewater and its components at different concentrations and temperatures
    (2022) Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Huelsemann, Benedikt; Krümpel, Johannes; Wüst, Dominik; Oechsner, Hans; Lemmer, Andreas
    A sustainable circular bioeconomy requires the side streams and byproducts of biorefineries to be assimilated into bioprocesses to produce value-added products. The present study endeavored to utilize such a byproduct generated during the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a potential feedstock for biogas production. For this purpose, biochemical methane potential tests for the full process-wastewater, its components (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and glycolic acid), together with furfural’s metabolites (furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid), and phenols (syringaldehyde, vanillin, and phenol), were conducted at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures to assess their biodegradability and gas production kinetics. 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g COD of the test components were added separately into assays containing 35 mL of inoculum. At their lowest concentrations, the test components, other than the process-wastewater, exhibited a stimulatory effect on methane production at 37 °C, whereas their increased concentrations returned a lower mean specific methane yield at either temperature. For similar component loads, the mesophilic assays outperformed the thermophilic assays for the mean measured specific methane yields. Components that impaired the anaerobic process with their elevated concentrations were phenol, vanillin, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Poor degradation of the process-wastewater was deduced to be linked to the considerable share of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the process-wastewater governing its overall characteristics. With excessive recalcitrant components, it is recommended to use such waste streams and byproducts as a substrate for biogas plants operating at moderate temperatures, but at low rates.
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    Mono-digestion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural process-wastewater in continuously operated anaerobic filters: A cascade utilization approach
    (2023) Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Krümpel, Johannes; Wüst, Dominik; Lemmer, Andreas
    A proper remedy for the overexploitation of biomass and biobased materials in the bioeconomy is the valorization of biorefineries’ side streams into meaningful products. Hence, in pursuit of a cascade utilization of renewables, a unique biorefinery byproduct was investigated for its biogas potential, specifically methane, in continuously operated anaerobic filters. For this purpose, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural process-wastewater, after supplementation of necessary nutrients, was diluted down to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 gCOD/L concentrations and thereafter tested individually at 43 °C and 55 °C. Maximum methane conversion efficiency at either temperature was observed for test substrates with 10 gCOD/L and 20 gCOD/L concentrations. At 43 °C, the anaerobic filters exhibited their highest biogas yields when supplied with the 30 gCOD/L feedstock. Further exposure of the mesophilic and thermophilic consortia to the ensuing 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural process-wastewater dilutions compromised the stability of the anaerobic process due to the soaring concentrations of short-chained volatile fatty acids. The supplementation of necessary nutrients to unlock the methane potential of the given recalcitrant substrate appears insufficient. Techniques like micro aeration, photolysis, or the use of activated carbon in the fixed bed might have the ability to enhance the biochemical methane conversion of such feedstock; otherwise, the introduction of trace elements alone may be adequate if aiming for platforms (volatile fatty acids) via anaerobic technologies.