Browsing by Subject "Risk governance"

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    Assessment of stakeholder perception of implementing power-to-gas in the biogas sector : implications for risk governance
    (2019) Pestalozzi, Johanny Arilexis; Bieling, Claudia
    The connection of power-to-gas (PtG) with biogas facilities to convert excess renewable electricity into biomethane represents an innovation in the biogas industry. This concept could play a role in stabilizing the German renewable energy system and make the biogas value chain and derived products more competitive and environmentally friendly. With increasing interest in this technology, potential risks, uncertainties and challenges associated with the implementation of PtG in the biogas industry need to be assessed. The biogas sector is controversial in German society mainly due to its environmental and economic impacts and its critical safety deficiencies. Against this background, this thesis aims at analyzing how the German biogas chain could be transformed with the emergence of a PtG concept and at identifying approaches to efficiently tackle potential risks, uncertainties and challenges accompanying this renewable energy concept. The investigation draws on notions of risk perception and risk governance as a theoretical framework to identify and assess influential factors determining risk management for the implementation of PtG in the biogas sector and characterize essential requirements in the process of diffusion of the technology, its acceptance and legitimation. Following a random as well as a purposive sampling strategy, 27 experts representing key interest groups of the German biogas sector, i.e., industry, politics, research and associations, were interviewed face-to-face. Their perspectives on potential environmental, safety, sociopolitical and techno-economic risks and challenges that could hinder the implementation of PtG in the biogas value chain were systematically examined with the method of qualitative content analysis. With this technique, conclusions were derived based on a thorough scrutiny of the data collected. Overall, the participants of this study perceived a low risk of accidents, such as fires, explosions and environmental pollution, from biogas installations running with a PtG concept. They identified a lack of business models, missing political incentives as well as stigmatization of the sector as the main challenges in the adoption of PtG in the biogas sector. The stakeholders emphasized a knowledge gap in the general public to explain the low popularity of the biogas sector and its biobased products. In a successful deployment of this technological concept, the interviewees envisioned a replacement of farm-based biogas plants with fully industrialized facilities. The interviewed experts strongly emphasized the existence of regulations as the principal means to avoid potential technological risks. The perception of the stakeholders corresponds with hierarchists as in the Cultural Theory of Risk. This mindset influences the way the experts recognize, manage and communicate risks. The participants prominently identified politicians as the primary accountable actors to handle risks, challenges and uncertainties of biogas associated with PtG. Although the media was broadly seen as a knowledge broker, the interviewees did not consider it as an instrument for effective risk communication to deal with distrust and stigmatization in the public and the controversies influencing the biogas sector, which could potentially affect the diffusion of PtG in the industry. The present study delivers key insights for the governance of the adoption of this technological concept in German society. In order to create a joint understanding among relevant stakeholders, facilitate informed decision-making and ultimately promote legitimacy for this technology, it is recommended to increase risk awareness among actors dealing with biogas and PtG. It is essential to foster deliberate communication among the multiple interest groups on diverging perceptions of risk and corresponding management options, so that an effective, accountable and participatory strategy to risk governance can be developed.