Browsing by Subject "Sub-Saharan Africa"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Agent-based simulation modeling for analysis and support of rural producer organizations in agriculture
    (2014) Latynskiy, Evgeny; Berger, Thomas
    Development of smallholder agriculture is widely recognized as an important pathway to poverty reduction in rural areas, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many researchers propose collective action of smallholder farmers by means of rural producer organizations (RPO) as a promising opportunity to improve commercialization and market access of small farms, which in turn will result in improvement of rural livelihoods. However, little is known about the determinants of RPO success. Currently, there is a broad demand for detailed analyses of RPO performance and for ex-ante assessments of the developmental interventions and policies of RPO support. This thesis focuses on the provision of high-resolution quantitative data for the design of such interventions using a case study of coffee producers in the lake-shore Uganda and their RPO. This work demonstrates the effective ways to increase farmers’ welfare through the network of RPO and analyzes the associated risks and opportunities. This work applies agent-based computer simulation to analyze the RPO. Designed virtual simulation experiments assess the broad portfolio of development interventions and economic scenarios that are challenging to investigate by means of real-world empirical research. The agent-based nature of the model allows for a holistic integration of several modeling concepts in the developed model application. This leads to the inclusion into the model of a number of important aspects of the bio-economic system of coffee production in Uganda. The first aspect is the heterogeneity among farming households, reflected by differences in natural conditions, resource endowments, production and market constraints, time and consumption preferences. The second aspect is the inseparability of decisions that are taken on the farm (i.e. investment, production, consumption and marketing) from one another. The third aspect is human-environment interaction cycles and the dynamics of the bio-economic system, including interactions across levels of hierarchy (here: individual farmers and RPO). The constructed model is parameterized, calibrated and validated using the empirical data from project and country-level surveys. The set-up of the model and the results of simulation experiments are further complemented by (i) a detailed review of relevant literature, (ii) community-based participatory research with members of RPO and (iii) interviews with key informants. Results of simulation experiments indicate that RPO activities can cause significant increases in members’ sales revenues and consequently can improve their household incomes. The posvitive impacts of RPO can be amplified through external assistance. Recommended RPO-level interventions include (i) on-the-spot payments for RPO members’ transactions and (ii) support for group certification. Both are expected to have high cost efficiency and a low risk of failure. In addition, results of this thesis suggest that improvement of agricultural productivity through the provision of quality planting material and the promotion of good agricultural practices is likely to be highly beneficial for the rural households. In order to stream the related development policies to smallholder farmers it is recommended to use RPO networks. Findings of the participatory research in Ugandan RPO indicate that the establishment of transparent rules of reception of RPO services and allocation of earned benefits, together with frequent and formal reporting of RPO administration might increase members’ cooperation within an RPO. This thesis also shows the vulnerability of coffee producing households and their RPO to the risks imposed by the volatility of agricultural prices. The role of development policy is, therefore, to provide price risk insurance for smallholder farmers and to facilitate the formation of accurate price expectations. However, viable and sustainable models of smallholder risk insurance are yet to be found.
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    Enhancing individual animal resilience to environmental disturbances to address low productivity in dairy cattle performing in sub-Saharan Africa
    (2023) Oloo, Richard D.; Ojango, Julie M. K.; Ekine-Dzivenu, Chinyere C.; Gebreyohanes, Gebregziabher; Mrode, Raphael; Mwai, Okeyo A.; Chagunda, Mizeck G. G.
    The current review examines potential solutions to enhance the sustainability and productivity of the dairy sector in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with an emphasis on breeding for resilience. Additionally, the paper explores various indicators for measuring resilience and provides insights into the data that can be utilized to quantify resilience in SSA’s dairy production systems. Dairy production contributes significantly to food and nutritional security and employment in SSA. However, besides the general lack of enabling policy and institutional environments, production is negatively affected by environmental challenges such as high temperatures and heat stress, diseases and parasites, unreliable rainfall patterns, shortages of feeds and forages and undue preference for taurine cattle breeds regardless of their poor adaptability to prevailing local conditions. Fostering the resilience capacity of dairy animals is imperative to combat climate-related adversities and maintain productivity. This can only be achieved if reliable and practical methods for quantifying and analyzing resilience in SSA are described and undertaken. This study has reviewed variance of deviations, root mean square of deviations, autocorrelation of deviations, skewness of deviations, slope of the reaction norm and its absolute value as possible indicators of resilience in SSA. While previous research has reported genetic variation and favorable correlations of these indicators with health, fitness, and fertility traits, their potential in SSA environments requires further investigation. Besides, labor- and cost-effective phenotypic data collection is essential for characterization of resilience using these indicators. Through this study, we propose frequently collected data on milk production traits, body fat-related traits, and activity patterns as suitable in the sub-Saharan Africa context. The African Asian Dairy Genetic Gains Project by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) offers a valuable opportunity to collate data from diverse dairy systems in SSA for testing the potential of these indicators. Insights from this study are helpful in improving resilience of dairy animals in SSA, which would contribute to poverty alleviation, animal welfare improvement, and better preparedness in lieu of climate change in SSA.
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    Structural transformation and its relevance for economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
    (2017) Busse, Matthias; Erdogan, Ceren; Mühlen, Henning
    In this paper, we analyse the role of structural transformation in view of the remarkable growth performance of sub-Saharan African countries since the mid-1990s. Our analysis covers 41 African countries over the period 1980 to 2014 and accounts for structural transformation by employing the analytical frameworks of (1) growth decomposition and (2) growth regression. Even though the low-productive agricultural sector continues to employ most of the African workforce, our results reveal that structural transformation has taken place and that it has contributed significantly to African growth in the past decades.