Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/26

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    Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (2024) Politi, Emanuele; Van Assche, Jasper; Lüders, Adrian; Sankaran, Sindhuja; Anderson, Joel; Green, Eva G.T.
    Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether “bonding” types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one’s social network, and “bridging” types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (Ntotal = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies.
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    Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: a comparison of 24 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (2025) Wollast, Robin; Lüders, Adrian; Nugier, Armelle; Guimond, Serge; Phillips, Joseph B.; Sutton, Robbie M.; Douglas, Karen M.; Sengupta, Nikhil K.; Lemay, Edward P.; Zand, Somayeh; Van Lissa, Caspar J.; Bélanger, Jocelyn J.; Abakoumkin, Georgios; Khaiyom, Jamilah Hanum Abdul; Agostini, Maximilian; Ahmedi, Vjollca; Almenara, Carlos A.; Atta, Mohsin; Bagci, Sabahat C.; Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Choi, Hoon-Seok; Cristea, Mioara; Danyliuk, Ivan; Enea, Violeta; Fisher, Alexandra N.; Gómez, Angel; Greiff, Samuel; Gützkow, Ben; Hamaidia, Ali; Han, Qing; Hudiyana, Joevarian; Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Jiang, Ding-Yu; Jovanović, Veljko; Kende, Anna; Keng, Shian-Ling; Koc, Yasin; Kovyazina, Kamila; Kreienkamp, Jannis; Kurapov, Anton; Lantos, Nora Anna; Jaya Lesmana, Cokorda Bagus; Malik, Najma I.; Martinez, Anton P.; McCabe, Kira O.; Milla, Mirra N.; Molinario, Erica; Moyano, Manuel; Muhammad, Hayat; Mula, Silvana; Myroniuk, Solomiia; Nisa, Claudia; Nyúl, Boglárka; O’Keefe, Paul A.; Osuna, Jose Javier Olivas; Osin, Evgeny N.; Park, Joonha; Pierro, Antonio; Rees, Jonas; Reitsema, Anne Margit; Rullo, Marika; Ryan, Michelle K.; Samekin, Adil; Schumpe, Birga M.; Selim, Heyla A.; Stanton, Michael V.; Tseliou, Eleftheria; vanDellen, Michelle; Vázquez, Alexandra; Weaving, Morgan; Yahiiaiev, Illia; Yeung, Victoria W. L.; Zheng, Bang; Zúñiga, Claudia; Leander, N. Pontus
    The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function of gender and across 24 countries (N = 49,637). Strong gender differences emerged across countries, with women reporting more negative emotions (anxious, depressed, nervous, exhausted) and less positive emotions (calm, content, relaxed, energetic) than men. The gender gap in positive emotions was significantly wider in countries higher in individualism and narrower in countries higher in power distance. For instance, differences in emotions were larger in Western countries high in individualism, such as the USA, the UK, Italy, and France, and smaller in countries with higher collectivism and power distance, such as China, Malaysia, and South Korea, with a few exceptions like Japan and Brazil. These gender differences across countries were not explained by country-level gender inequalities indicators (GGGI and GII). Interestingly, the national severity of the pandemic, an epidemiological factor, reduced gender differences in positive emotions. These results underscore the importance of considering cultural and national factors when assessing gender differences in well-being.