Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften (Gesamt)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/16892

Publikationen, die sich innerhalb der Fakultät keinem Institut eindeudig zuordnen lassen.

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Genome-wide characterization of two-component system elements in barley enables the identification of grain-specific phosphorelay genes
(2025) Hertig, Christian W.; Devunuri, Pravinya; Rutten, Twan; Hensel, Götz; Schippers, Jos H. M.; Müller, Bruno; Thiel, Johannes; Hertig, Christian W.; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Devunuri, Pravinya; Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Rutten, Twan; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Hensel, Götz; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Schippers, Jos H. M.; Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Müller, Bruno; Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany; Thiel, Johannes; Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany
Background: The two-component system (TCS) serves as a common intracellular signal transduction pathway implicated in various processes of plant development and response to abiotic stress. With regard to the important cereal crop barley, only partial information about the occurrence of TCS signaling elements in the genome and putative functions is available. Results: In this study, we identified a total of 67 non-redundant TCS genes from all subgroups of the phosphorelay in the latest barley reference genome. Functional annotation and phylogenetic characterization was combined with a comprehensive gene expression analysis of the signaling components. Expression profiles hint at potential functions in vegetative and reproductive organs and tissue types as well as diverse stress responses. Apparently, a distinct subset of TCS genes revealed a stringent grain-specificity not being expressed elsewhere in the plant. By using laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based transcript analysis of barley grain tissues, we refined expression profiles of selected TCS genes and attributed them to individual cell types within the grain. Distinct TCS elements are exclusively expressed in the different maternal and filial cell types, particularly in the endosperm transfer cell (ETC) region. These genes are deemed to be selected in the domestication process of modern cultivars. Moreover, barley plants transformed with a synthetic sensor ( TCSn::GFP ) showed a high and specific activity in the ETC region of grains monitoring transcriptional output of the signaling system. Conclusions: The results provide comprehensive insights into the TCS gene family in the temperate cereal crop barley and indicate implications in various agronomic traits. The dataset is valuable for future research in different aspects of plant development and will be indispensable not only for barley, but also for other crops of the Poaceae.
Effectiveness of copper oxychloride coated with iron nanoparticles against earthworms
(2024) Kumari, Tamanna; Phogat, Deepak; Jakhar, Navneet; Shukla, Vineeta; Kumari, Tamanna; Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Phogat, Deepak; Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Jakhar, Navneet; Organic Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Shukla, Vineeta; Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
This study examines the potential of iron nanoparticle-coated copper oxychloride in mitigating its toxic effects on earthworms, a key component of sustainable agriculture due to their role in enhancing soil quality and promoting plant growth. While earthworms and their coelomic fluid play a crucial role in enhancing soil health and promoting plant growth. Copper oxychloride, a commonly used fungicide, induces oxidative stress by disrupting antioxidant defense mechanisms in living systems. Through probit analysis, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of copper oxychloride was determined to be 2511.9 mg/kg. Artificial soil was treated with copper oxychloride at 60% and 80% of LC50, but the addition of iron nanoparticle-coated fungicide successfully reduced earthworm mortality to 0%. These findings offer promising insights into protecting non-target organisms from fungicide toxicity while maintaining agricultural productivity. The findings present a potential breakthrough in sustainable agriculture by demonstrating how nanotechnology can mitigate the harmful effects of fungicides on essential soil fauna. The use of iron nanoparticle-coated fungicides not only protects earthworms but also offers a path to maintaining ecological balance and enhancing crop productivity without compromising soil health.
Genebanks at risk: Hazard assessment and risk management of national and international genebanks
(2023) Herbold, Theresa; Engels, Johannes M. M.
Genebanks are crucial for safeguarding global crop diversity but are themselves exposed to several risks. However, a scientific basis for identifying, assessing, and managing risks is still lacking. Addressing these research gaps, this study provides risk analysis for three key risk groups: natural hazards, political risks, and financial risks, carried out on a sample of 80 important national and international genebanks, comprising at least 4.78 million accessions or roughly 65% of the reported total of ex situ conserved accessions worldwide. The assessment tool of Munich Re “Natural Hazards Edition” allowed a location-specific comparison of the natural hazard exposure. Results showed that genebanks in the Asia-Pacific region are most exposed to natural hazards, while institutions in African and some Asian countries are rather vulnerable to political risks. Financing is a major problem for national genebanks in developing countries, whereas the Global Crop Diversity Trust achieved considerable financial security for international genebanks. Large differences in the risk exposure of genebanks exist, making a location- and institution-specific risk assessment indispensable. Moreover, there is significant room for improvement with respect to quality and risk management at genebanks. Transferring risks of genebanks to third parties is underdeveloped and should be used more widely.

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