Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/9

Die Fakultät entwickelt in Lehre und Forschung nachhaltige Produktionstechniken der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Sie erarbeitet Beiträge für den ländlichen Raum und zum Verbraucher-, Tier- und Umweltschutz.

Homepage: https://agrar.uni-hohenheim.de/

Browse

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Assessing functional properties of diet protein hydrolysate and oil from fish waste on canine immune parameters, cardiac biomarkers, and fecal microbiota
(2024) Cabrita, Ana R. J.; Barroso, Carolina; Fontes-Sousa, Ana Patrícia; Correia, Alexandra; Teixeira, Luzia; Maia, Margarida R. G.; Vilanova, Manuel; Yergaliyev, Timur; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Fonseca, António J. M.; Cabrita, Ana R. J.; REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology, LAQV, Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Barroso, Carolina; REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology, LAQV, Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Fontes-Sousa, Ana Patrícia; Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacological Research and Drug Innovation (MedInUP), ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVET), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Correia, Alexandra; ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Teixeira, Luzia; ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Maia, Margarida R. G.; REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology, LAQV, Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Vilanova, Manuel; ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Yergaliyev, Timur; HoLMiR – Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; HoLMiR – Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Fonseca, António J. M.; REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology, LAQV, Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Locally produced fish hydrolysate and oil from the agrifood sector comprises a sustainable solution both to the problem of fish waste disposal and to the petfood sector with potential benefits for the animal’s health. This study evaluated the effects of the dietary replacement of mainly imported shrimp hydrolysate (5%) and salmon oil (3%; control diet) with locally produced fish hydrolysate (5%) and oil (3.2%) obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) on systemic inflammation markers, adipokines levels, cardiac function and fecal microbiota of adult dogs. Samples and measurements were taken from a feeding trial conducted according to a crossover design with two diets (control and experimental diets), six adult Beagle dogs per diet and two periods of 6 weeks each. The experimental diet, with higher docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids contents, decreased plasmatic triglycerides and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, also tending to decrease total cholesterol. No effects of diet were observed on serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-12/IL-23 p40, and of the serum levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. Blood pressure, heart rate and echocardiographic measurements were similar between diets with the only exception of left atrial to aorta diameter ratio that was higher in dogs fed the experimental diet, but without clinical relevance. Diet did not significantly affect fecal immunoglobulin A concentration. Regarding fecal microbiome, Megasphaera was the most abundant genus, followed by Bifidobacterium , Fusobacterium , and Prevotella , being the relative abundances of Fusobacterium and Ileibacterium genera positively affected by the experimental diet. Overall, results from the performed short term trial suggest that shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil can be replaced by protein hydrolysate and oil from fish by-products without affecting systemic inflammatory markers, cardiac structure and function, but potentially benefiting bacterial genera associated with healthy microbiome. Considering the high DHA and EPA contents and the antioxidant properties of fish oil and hydrolysate, it would be worthwhile in the future to assess their long-term effects on inflammatory markers and their role in spontaneous canine cardiac diseases and to perform metabolomic and metagenomics analysis to elucidate the relevance of microbiota changes in the gut.
Cow’s microbiome from antepartum to postpartum: a long-term study covering two physiological challenges
(2022) Tröscher-Mußotter, Johanna; Deusch, Simon; Borda-Molina, Daniel; Frahm, Jana; Dänicke, Sven; Camarinha-Silva, Amélia; Huber, Korinna; Seifert, Jana
Little is known about the interplay between the ruminant microbiome and the host during challenging events. This long-term study investigated the ruminal and duodenal microbiome and metabolites during calving as an individual challenge and a lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation as a standardized challenge. Strong inter- and intra-individual microbiome changes were noted during the entire trial period of 168 days and between the 12 sampling time points. Bifidobacterium increased significantly at 3 days after calving. Both challenges increased the intestinal abundance of fiber-associated taxa, e.g., Butyrivibrio and unclassified Ruminococcaceae. NMR analyses of rumen and duodenum samples identified up to 60 metabolites out of which fatty and amino acids, amines, and urea varied in concentrations triggered by the two challenges. Correlation analyses between these parameters indicated a close connection and dependency of the microbiome with its host. It turns out that the combination of phylogenetic with metabolite information supports the understanding of the true scenario in the forestomach system. The individual stages of the production cycle in dairy cows reveal specific criteria for the interaction pattern between microbial functions and host responses.
Food-related well-being in times of crisis: A study on Syrian refugees in Germany
(2024) Al-Sayed, Lubana; Bieling, Claudia
Forced migration, stemming from conflict, persecution, or other compelling circumstances, often thrusts individuals into unfamiliar territories, presenting a multitude of challenges. These challenges extend beyond mere physical displacement, disrupting social, economic, and cultural norms. The Syrian forced migration following the Arab Spring in 2011 emerged as the world’s largest humanitarian crisis, displacing 14 million people from their homes. Throughout their journey to safety, refugees encounter peril, uncertainty, trauma, and loss. Even upon arrival at their destination, whether in neighbouring countries or distant lands, refugees confront intricate systems of aid, bureaucracy, and integration, all while grappling with the profound impacts of their experiences. Among the array of challenges faced, food insecurity emerges as a critical concern, affecting not only physical health but also overall well-being. Moreover, when migrating to host countries vastly different from their native regions, individuals encounter unique obstacles in accessing local food environments and possess limited knowledge of available food resources and services. These challenges may be exacerbated by language barriers, currency disparities, and unfamiliarity with local food products. Collectively, these factors significantly shape refugees’ overall well-being, particularly concerning food. However, despite the significance of food-related well-being, substantial gaps persist in the literature. There is a notable lack of understanding regarding refugees’ subjective perceptions of food-related well-being, which are deeply rooted in their experiences during conflict, migration, and post-arrival in the host country. Additionally, little is known about how refugees acquire food-related knowledge when relocating to host countries vastly different from their own, and the role of this knowledge in enhancing their well-being and that of their relatives in crisis areas. Therefore, this research aims to address these knowledge gaps by exploring the hedonic, psychological, and social well-being of refugees concerning food, and by investigating the food-related knowledge networks in which refugees are involved. To guide this investigation, a conceptual framework is developed, integrating the three dimensions of well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) with the three motivations for food intake (functional, symbolic, and hedonic). The empirical work is conducted in two periods, August to October 2017 and April to June 2018, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods among Syrian refugees in Stuttgart, Germany. This work comprises a total of three research articles, with the first two being published in peer-reviewed international journals and the third one submitted. The first article (chapter 3) describes the hedonic dimension of well-being, specifically focusing on the affective and cognitive components within a dietary context. The main hypothesis posits that hedonic well-being is augmented when food successfully fulfils both its functional and hedonic goals. The findings revealed that interviewees associated food with a range of positive and negative emotions. Negative affects were predominantly linked to the challenges the respondents faced, such as sadness stemming from family dispersion, nostalgia, psychological discomfort, as well as the conditions of their current living situations, such as stress, fatigue, anxiety, and loneliness. Associations between food and life satisfaction were found to be intertwined with various factors, including food availability and accessibility, physical health and bodily functioning, emotions, social interactions, and overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, a good and happy food-related existence was linked to various characteristics at each stage of food interaction (purchasing, preparing, eating and post-eating). Adhering to a nutritious diet with the aim of improving physical health, enhancing psychological well-being through positive emotions, and fostering social support and stability emerged as primary factors in improving refugees’ well-being. Equally significant were the sensory experiences of eating and the pleasurable emotions experienced when sharing meals with others. The second article (Chapter 4) delves into the psychological and social dimensions of food-related well-being among refugees. It highlights how food-related well-being varies across different stages of the migration journey—specifically, during wartime, along the migration route, and after arriving in the host country. During wartime, the availability and accessibility of food are crucial factors. Amidst the challenges of conflict, ensuring access to food becomes paramount for survival. Conversely, during the migration journey itself, food often takes a backseat to the primary objective of reaching a safe destination. Basic necessities become the priority for refugees as they navigate their way to safety. Upon arrival in the host country, various psychological and social factors come into play, significantly influencing refugees’ food-related well-being, such as living conditions, the local food environment, and the social practices surrounding food. This article highlights the profound connection between food and one’s cultural roots, which serves to mitigate the adverse effects of exile on individuals’ lives. The third paper (Chapter 5) is motivated by the insights gleaned from the findings of the first and second articles, which highlight the critical role of sharing food-related knowledge in bolstering refugee food security and improving their overall well-being in relation to food. As refugees encounter a new food environment upon resettling in a host country, they actively engage in constructing and restructuring their social networks to obtain vital information about available resources in their new surroundings. Therefore, the third article explores the food-related knowledge networks that refugees are part of, shedding light on their structure and their role in enhancing their well-being. The findings revealed two types of networks: those within the same ethnic groups and those encompassing multiple ethnicities (primarily Germans and Arabs), exhibiting significant differences in network measures. Furthermore, it identified the primary sources of information, the content of the shared knowledge, and its mode of transmission. Additionally, the paper suggests measures to enhance the transmission of food-related knowledge among refugees and between refugees and their families in crisis areas. These three articles were collectively further discussed in the concluding section (Chapter 6), where I assessed the connections of the proposed framework integrating the various dimensions of well-being with food goals. This assessment drew upon the empirical findings of this research, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between food-related well-being and the multifaceted aspects of refugees’ experiences. Furthermore, I proposed a new definition for food-related well-being in the context of conflict and displacement. Finally, I examined the main factors influencing refugees’ food-related well-being, offering insights into potential avenues for intervention and support.
Haemotrophic mycoplasmas infecting pigs: a review of the current knowledge
(2024) Ade, Julia; Eddicks, Matthias; Ritzmann, Mathias; Hoelzle, Katharina; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Stadler, Julia; Ade, Julia; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Eddicks, Matthias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Ritzmann, Mathias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Hoelzle, Katharina; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Stadler, Julia; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Highland, Margaret A.
Haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are a group of highly specific and adapted bacteria. Three different haemoplasma species in pigs are known to date: Mycoplasma ( M .) suis , M. parvum and ‘ Candidatus ( Ca .) M. haemosuis’. Even though these bacteria have been known in pig farming for a long time, it is difficult to draw general conclusions about the relevance of their infections in pigs. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the three porcine haemoplasma species with regards to clinical and pathological descriptions, pathobiology, epidemiology and diagnostics as well as prevention and therapy. Overall, it is clear that considerably more data are available for M. suis than for the other two species, but generally, porcine haemoplasmas were found to be highly prevalent all over the world. Mycoplasma suis is the most virulent species, causing acute infectious anaemia in pigs (IAP), whereas M. parvum usually results in chronic and subclinical infections associated with performance losses. Little is known about the clinical significance of the recently discovered third porcine species ‘ Ca . M. haemosuis’. So far, the described pathogenic mechanisms mainly include direct destruction of erythrocytes via adhesion, invasion, eryptosis and nutrient scavenging, indirect erythrocyte lysis due to immune-mediated events and immune dysregulation processes. A review of published diagnostic data confirms PCR assays as the current standard method, with various cross-species and species-specific protocols. Overall, there is a need for further examination to obtain valuable insights for practical application, specifically regarding the importance of subclinical infections in naturally infected animals. An essential requirement for this will be to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms operating between the host and the pathogen.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas - vector transmission in livestock
(2024) Arendt, Mareike; Stadler, Julia; Ritzmann, Mathias; Ade, Julia; Hoelzle, Katharina; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Arendt, Mareike; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Stadler, Julia; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.); Ritzmann, Mathias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.); Ade, Julia; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Hoelzle, Katharina; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Dozois, Charles M.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are highly host-adapted and specialized pathogens infecting a wide range of mammals including farm animals, i.e., pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats. Although HMs have been known for over 90 years, we still do not know much about the natural transmission routes within herds. Recently, it has been repeatedly discussed in publications that arthropod vectors may play a role in the transmission of HMs from animal to animal. This is mainly since several HM species could be detected in different potential arthropod vectors by PCR. This review summarizes the available literature about the transmission of bovine, porcine, ovine, and caprine HM species by different hematophagous arthropod vectors. Since most studies are only based on the detection of HMs in potential vectors, there are rare data about the actual vector competence of arthropods. Furthermore, there is a need for additional studies to investigate, whether there are biological vectors in which HMs can multiply and be delivered to new hosts.
Impacts of different light spectra on CBD, CBDA and terpene concentrations in relation to the flower positions of different cannabis Sativa L. strains
(2022) Reichel, Philipp; Munz, Sebastian; Hartung, Jens; Kotiranta, Stiina; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants, but plant breeding and cultivation are restricted by country-specific regulations. The plant has gained interest due to its medically important secondary metabolites, cannabinoids and terpenes. Besides biotic and abiotic stress factors, secondary metabolism can be manipulated by changing light quality and intensity. In this study, three morphologically different cannabis strains were grown in a greenhouse experiment under three different light spectra with three real light repetitions. The chosen light sources were as follows: a CHD Agro 400 ceramic metal-halide lamp with a sun-like broad spectrum and an R:FR ratio of 2.8, and two LED lamps, a Solray (SOL) and an AP67, with R:FR ratios of 13.49 and 4, respectively. The results of the study indicated that the considered light spectra significantly influenced CBDA and terpene concentrations in the plants. In addition to the different light spectra, the distributions of secondary metabolites were influenced by flower positions. The distributions varied between strains and indicated interactions between morphology and the chosen light spectra. Thus, the results demonstrate that secondary metabolism can be artificially manipulated by the choice of light spectrum, illuminant and intensity. Furthermore, the data imply that, besides the cannabis strain selected, flower position can have an impact on the medicinal potencies and concentrations of secondary metabolites.
New insights into the phylogeny of the A.Br.161 (“A.Br.Heroin”) clade of Bacillus anthracis
(2024) Antwerpen, Markus; Beyer, Wolfgang; Grass, Gregor; Antwerpen, Markus; Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB), 80937 Munich, Germany; Beyer, Wolfgang; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Grass, Gregor; Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB), 80937 Munich, Germany; Anderson, Deborah
Bacillus anthracis is a rare but highly dangerous zoonotic bacterial pathogen. At the beginning of this century, a new manifestation of the disease, injectional anthrax, emerged as a result of recreational heroin consumption involving contaminated drugs. The organisms associated with this 13-year-lasting outbreak event in European drug consumers were all grouped into the canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) clade A-branch (A.Br.) 161 of B. anthracis . Related clade A.Br.161 strains of B. anthracis not associated with heroin consumption have also been identified from different countries, mostly in Asia. Because of inadvertent spread by anthropogenic activities, other strains of this A.Br.161 lineage were, however, isolated from several countries. Thus, without additional isolates from this clade, its origin of evolution or its autochthonous region remains obscure. Here, we genomically characterized six new A.Br.161 group isolates, some of which were from Iran, with others likely historically introduced into Germany. All the chromosomes of these isolates could be grouped into a distinct sub-clade within the A.Br.161 clade. This sub-clade is separated from the main A.Br.161 lineage by a single SNP. We have developed this SNP into a PCR assay facilitating the future attribution of strains to this group.
Occurrence of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis’ in fattening pigs, sows and piglets in Germany using a novel gap-based quantitative real-time PCR assay
(2022) Ade, Julia; Stadler, Julia; Ritzmann, Mathias; Zübert, Christina; Hoelzle, Katharina; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Ade, Julia; Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Stadler, Julia; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany; Ritzmann, Mathias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany; Zübert, Christina; Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Hoelzle, Katharina; Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Institute of Animal Science, Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: The appearance of the novel porcine haemotrophic mycoplasma (HM) species ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis’ was reported in apparently healthy but also in clinically sick animals in China, Korea and in a case report from Germany. Outside of Asia, however, nothing further is known about the frequency of ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’ in pigs to date. To investigate the distribution of this novel HM species in Germany, fattening pigs, sows and pre-suckling piglets were examined using a herein developed quantitative real-time PCR assay (qPCR). Because the piglets were sampled before the first colostrum uptake, additional information on a possible vertical transmission from dams to their offspring was obtained. Results: Our novel qPCR assay successfully detected ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’ in all blood samples from the ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’-infected pigs. No cross-reactivity was detected when DNA from non-target Mycoplasma spp. and other bacterial species representing 105 bacteria/reaction were used as a template. The lower limit of detection of the qPCR was thus 10 gap gene copies per reaction and 2.5 x 103 genome equivalents (GE) per mL blood. ‘Candidatus M. haemosuis’ was detected by this qPCR in blood samples from a total out of 6.25% sows (13/208), 4.50% pre-suckling piglets (28/622) and 17.50% fattening pigs (35/200). On farm level, 3 out of 21 piglet producing farms (14.28%) and 9 out of 20 fattening farms (45.00%) were positive for ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’. Co-infections with M. suis were evident in all age groups. Conclusion: ‘Candidatus M. haemosuis’ infection is present in German pig farms and the detection of the novel porcine HM species in piglets immediately after birth before colostrum intake indicates vertical transmission. The novel qPCR assay specific for ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’ described herein will be a prerequisite for future studies on the prevalence, epidemiology as well as the clinical and economic impact of ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’ infections.
Subconjunctival bleedings in neonatal calves: a case series report
(2022) Steffl, Martin; Nautscher, Nadine; Steffl, Martin; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Nautscher, Nadine; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Background: In animals, only few reports exist about the occurrence and causes of subconjunctival bleedings, especially in newborn calves. Most case reports and studies showed that the major risk factors for subconjunctival bleedings in animals are traumatic events such as birth trauma and traffic accidents, respectively. In neonatal babies, it is suggested that compression of the thorax and abdomen during delivery or forces generated in utero during labor may raise venous pressure to conjunctival vessels and can cause subconjunctival bleedings. Results: The incidence of bleedings in neonatal Holstein–Friesian calves was 2.4 per cent of 289 neonatal calves examined over a six-year period. In general, two types of subconjunctival bleedings were seen. One was usually in a semilunar fashion immediately outside the limbus of the eye. The other type was a stripe or macule of variable size at different positions of the sclera. The subconjunctival bleedings were not related to gestational time. In all cases, affected calves were born without assistance. Multiparous cows were more often involved in the calves with subconjunctival bleedings. Two calves examined haematologically did not show signs of anemia or thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: Subconjunctival bleedings in neonatal calves appear not to be incidental findings. Main causes or associated conditions of subconjunctival bleedings were not found.

Browse

Browsing Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften by Sustainable Development Goals "3"