Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

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Die Fakultät vereint Forschung und moderne Lehre nach internationalen Standards. Das Hohenheimer Modell verzahnt dabei betriebs- und volkswirtschaftliche, sozial- und rechtswissenschaftliche Aspekte.

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Anger: The misunderstood and mismanaged workplace emotion
(2025) Umbra, Robin; Fasbender, Ulrike
Anger is a familiar yet often misunderstood and mismanaged emotion in organizational settings, commonly viewed as a purely negative force to be mitigated. This dissertation challenges such reductive perspectives by proposing a comprehensive reconceptualization of workplace anger as a potentially constructive emotion. It argues that, when properly understood and managed, anger can enhance employee productivity and well-being. Through a systematic examination of the antecedents, characteristics, and outcomes of anger in the workplace, this work introduces new theoretical frameworks and empirically validated strategies for harnessing anger’s positive potential. The dissertation is structured into three main sections that collectively advance the understanding of workplace anger. Chapter 1 establishes a foundational understanding by developing and validating a new State-Trait Anger Scale tailored for organizational research. This scale addresses limitations in existing measures by incorporating advanced psychometric techniques and a cross-cultural lens, revealing that workplace anger is influenced by both individual traits and situational factors, with significant variations across cultural contexts. A meta-analytic review follows, synthesizing the antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of workplace anger. The findings indicate that anger often arises from perceived negative workplace events and blame appraisals, which can primarily lead to destabilizing reactions. Chapter 2 advances the theoretical framework by introducing a novel perspective that links workplace anger to morality and perceived moral discrepancies. Through a series of empirical studies—including experience sampling, vignette experiments, and egocentric network analysis—this research demonstrates that anger frequently emerges from perceived transgressions of moral expectations in workplace interactions. The dissertation presents the Interaction Discrepancy Model, an innovative theoretical framework that integrates cognitive, social, and moral dimensions to better understand the dynamics of anger. This model elucidates how anger, a latent, morally and hedonically non-valanced construct, can motivate change-oriented behaviors aimed at rectifying moral discrepancies. Chapter 3 builds on these theoretical insights by developing practical strategies for constructive anger management in organizations. The research contrasts traditional mitigation-oriented strategies—such as suppression/rumination, avoidance, diffusion, and seeking social support—with constructive, approach-oriented strategies like confrontation and assertion. It shows that when anger is channeled appropriately through these constructive strategies, it can enhance both individual productivity and well-being. The empirical evidence further supports these findings, demonstrating that change-oriented strategies for managing anger are more effective in achieving work-related goals and maintaining well-being than mitigation-oriented approaches. This dissertation makes significant contributions to the fields of organizational psychology and organizational behavior by reconceptualizing workplace anger as a complex construct with both constructive and destructive potential. It introduces an empirically robust anger measurement tool that enhances research precision by addressing gaps in existing scales and incorporating advanced psychometric techniques. It also provides a meta-analytic overview of anger dynamics, offering a comprehensive synthesis of the antecedents, concomitants, and outcomes of anger in workplace settings. Furthermore, the dissertation offers theoretical advancements in the study of anger and emotions more broadly, integrating cognitive, social, and moral dimensions to provide a deeper understanding of emotional dynamics in organizational contexts. Additionally, it presents evidence-based strategies for practitioners to harness anger’s constructive potential, demonstrating how appropriate management of anger can lead to enhanced productivity and well-being. By challenging the conventional view of anger, this research opens new avenues for theory, practice, and future research, suggesting that anger, when understood and managed appropriately, can be a positive force in organizations.
Aspects of visual avatar appearance: self-representation, display type, and uncanny valley
(2021) Hepperle, Daniel; Purps, Christian Felix; Deuchler, Jonas; Wölfel, Matthias
The visual representation of human-like entities in virtual worlds is becoming a very important aspect as virtual reality becomes more and more “social”. The visual representation of a character’s resemblance to a real person and the emotional response to it, as well as the expectations raised, have been a topic of discussion for several decades and have been debated by scientists from different disciplines. But as with any new technology, the findings may need to be reevaluated and adapted to new modalities. In this context, we make two contributions which may have implications for how avatars should be represented in social virtual reality applications. First, we determine how default and customized characters of current social virtual reality platforms appear in terms of human likeness, eeriness, and likability, and whether there is a clear resemblance to a given person. It can be concluded that the investigated platforms vary strongly in their representation of avatars. Common to all is that a clear resemblance does not exist. Second, we show that the uncanny valley effect is also present in head-mounted displays, but - compared to 2D monitors - even more pronounced.
Associations between individual factors, environmental factors, and outdoor independence in older adults
(2020) Schehl, Barbara; Leukel, Jörg
The degree to which individuals can accomplish outdoor activity by themselves or require support is an important facet of successful aging. While prior research focuses on participation in outdoor activity, understanding of older adults’ outdoor independence is limited. We adopt an ecological approach to examine the role of individual factors and environmental factors in explaining outdoor independence. Our sample comprised older adults aged 65 + living in a medium-sized city in Germany (N = 1070). The results show that being male, younger, and healthier was positively associated with outdoor independence, while living together was not. Further, outdoor independence decreased with higher levels of perceived environmental barriers. This negative association was moderated such that it was stronger for the less healthy and older participants. Based on our empirical findings, we offer insights for policy makers, urban planners, and community groups to design age-friendly communities and consequently facilitate outdoor independence among older adults.
Autonomous weapons: considering the rights and interests of soldiers
(2025) Haiden, Michael; Richter, Florian
The development of autonomous weapons systems (AWSs), which would make decisions on the battlefield without direct input from humans, has the potential to dramatically change the nature of war. Due to the revolutionary potential of these technologies, it is essential to discuss their moral implications. While the academic literature often highlights their morally problematic nature, with some proposing outright banning them, this paper highlights an important benefit of AWSs: protecting the lives, as well as the mental and physical health of soldiers. If militaries can avoid sending humans into dangerous situations or relieve drone operators from tasks that lead to lifelong trauma, this obviously appears morally desirable – especially in a world where many soldiers are still drafted against their will. Nonetheless, there are many arguments against AWSs. However, we show that although AWSs are potentially dangerous, criticisms apply equally to human soldiers and weapons steered by them. The combination of both claims makes a strong case against a ban on AWSs where it is possible. Instead, researchers should focus on mitigating their drawbacks and refining their benefits.
Between trust and ambivalence: how does trainee teachers’ perception of the relationship with their mentors explain how trainee teachers experience their work?
(2024) Maué, Elisabeth; Goller, Michael; Bonnes, Caroline; Kärner, Tobias
The study aims to identify profiles of trainee teachers in terms of their stress and work experiences and to uncover profile differences in regard to dropout intentions and perceived relationships between trainee teachers and their mentors. Based on data from 1,756 German trainee teachers, three distinct stress and work experience profiles could be identified. Trainee teachers with high levels of stress and negative work experiences exhibit higher dropout intentions and experience their relationship with their mentors as less transparent, fair and trusting, and more ambivalent compared to trainee teachers with low levels of stress and positive work experiences. The results underline the importance of the relationship between mentors and trainee teachers for the professional development of future teachers.
Designing knowledge-driven digitalization: novel recommendations for digitally supported multi-professional collaboration
(2025) Meindl, Oliver; Peuten, Sarah; Striebel, Xena; Gimpel, Henner; Ostgathe, Christoph; Schneider, Werner; Steigleder, Tobias
Introduction: Palliative care is based on the principle of multi-professional collaboration, which integrates diverse competencies and perspectives to provide holistic care and support for patients and their relatives. In palliative care teams, there is an intensive exchange of information and knowledge; however, current documentation and hospital information systems often fall short of meeting the specific demands for effective collaboration and dynamic communication in this field. Methods: This action design research study is based on the three-and-a-half-year interdisciplinary research project PALLADiUM and aims to demonstrate the added value of knowledge-driven digitalization. Results and discussion: Our study provides novel recommendations for digitally supported multi-professional collaboration tailored to the specific requirements of palliative care and similar fields. Based on the analytical distinction between ‘information’ and ‘knowledge,’ we present design recommendations for co-creative, knowledge-driven development processes and multi-professional collaboration support systems. We further illustrate how these recommendations have been implemented into a functional technical demonstrator and outline how our results could impact future digitalization initiatives in healthcare.
Dynamic modulation of the processing of unpredicted technical errors by the posterior cingulate and the default mode network
(2024) Wang, Zhiyan; Becker, Markus; Kondla, Gregor; Gimpel, Henner; Beer, Anton L.; Greenlee, Mark W.
The pervasive use of information technologies (IT) has tremendously benefited our daily lives. However, unpredicted technical breakdowns and errors can lead to the experience of stress, which has been termed technostress. It remains poorly understood how people dynamically respond to unpredicted system runtime errors occurring while interacting with the IT systems on a behavioral and neuronal level. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such processes, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which 15 young adults solved arithmetic problems of three difficulty levels (easy, medium and hard) while two types of system runtime errors (problem errors and feedback errors) occurred in an unexpected manner. The problem error condition consisted of apparently defective displays of the arithmetic problem and the feedback error condition involved erroneous feedback. We found that the problem errors positively influenced participants’ problem-solving performance at the high difficulty level (i.e., hard tasks) at the initial stage of the session, while feedback errors disturbed their performance. These dynamic behavioral changes are mainly associated with brain activation changes in the posterior cingulate and the default mode network, including the posterior cingulate cortex, the mPFC, the retrosplenial cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. Our study illustrates the regulatory role of the posterior cingulate in coping with unpredicted errors as well as with dynamic changes in the environment.
The effect of violent conflict on calorie consumption and dietary quality in Iraq
(2024) Parigi, Marta
By combining 2012 Living Standard Measurement Survey cross-sectional survey responses and georeferenced conflict data, this study quantifies the effect of violent conflict on food security and dietary quality in Iraq. Specifically, it estimates the effect of physical insecurity on different food security dimensions, including caloric consumption and household dietary diversity. Because disrespecting war-related foreign national cemeteries is a war crime that discourages nearby fighting, instrumenting conflict intensity by the exogenous variation in distance between these sites and household place of residence addresses potential sources of bias. The instrumental variable analysis confirms the positive (negative) effect of conflict—deriving from state, non-state and one-sided violence (e.g., attacks by the Islamic State)—on per capita caloric consumption (household dietary diversity), which although counterintuitive is unsurprising given Iraq's relatively high-income levels and changes in dietary pattern. Given that the primary driver of conflict's positive effect on calories is increased consumption of carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, saturated fat, these results suggest that in countries transitioning to Western-style diets, violent conflict may drive the population toward an unhealthier diet, contributing heavily to a growing national prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases.
Embracing digital health: German otolaryngology patients’ usage and prospects of digital information and communication technologies for cross-sectoral care
(2024) Holderried, Martin; Hoeper, Ansgar; Stauss, Leonie; Holderried, Friederike; Herrmann-Werner, Anne; Kestler, Hans A.; Ernst, Christian; Baerhold, Friederike; Becker, Sven
Objective: The usage of digital information and communication technologies in European healthcare is growing. Unlike numerous technological possibilities, the present use of these technologies and perspectives towards them in relation to otolaryngology care have so far been of less interest. This study evaluates the utilisation of and attitudes towards digital information and communication technologies in cross-sectoral otolaryngology care among German patients. Methods: A structured interview-based study was conducted at the outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital in Germany. It focused on chief complaints, current use of digital technologies, estimated benefits of increased digital technology use in otolaryngology care, and sociodemographic data. The detailed statistical analysis employed Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 208 otolaryngology patients completed the interview. Digital communication technologies exhibited a high penetration rate (91.8%) and were regularly used in daily life (78.7%) and for health reasons (73.3%). Younger age ( p ≤ 0.003) and higher education levels ( p ≤ 0.008) were significantly correlated with the increased digital communication technology use. The overall potential of eHealth technologies was rated significantly higher by younger patients ( p ≤ 0.001). The patients’ chief complaints showed no significant influence on the current and potential use of these technologies for cross-sectoral otolaryngology care. Conclusion: Regardless of their chief complaints, German otolaryngology patients regularly use digital information and communication technologies for health reasons and express interest in their further use for cross-sectoral care. To enhance digital patient communication in otolaryngology, attention should be given to treatment quality, usability, data security and availability and financial remuneration for service providers.
Empowering the digital individual: design and analysis of information systems for work effectiveness and well-being
(2025) Lahmer, Stefanie; Gimpel, Henner
Information systems (ISs) have become deeply embedded in our everyday lives, transforming both professional and private domains. This development is driven in part by the growing recognition that ISs and their designs can significantly improve individuals’ lives. Today, it is nearly impossible to imagine working without ISs. Even in our private lives, for instance, smartphones are essential for staying connected. However, this ongoing digitalization of the individual presents not only opportunities, but also substantial challenges. While ISs can improve work effectiveness, such as creativity and performance, they are also associated with harmful effects, most notably technostress. To effectively address these harmful effects, it is crucial to understand the underlying causes and consequences of technostress as well as how to cope with it. In this context, IS offer promising stress management approaches by fostering humanistic outcomes such as health and well-being. Ultimately, IS design plays a central role in shaping how these systems function and what they aim to achieve, offering pathways to both lever the opportunities and counter the challenges of the digitalized individual. The increasing presence of ISs in our lives has been conceptualized through the Digitalization of the Individual (DOTI) framework, which captures the digitalization of individuals along two key dimensions. First, it identifies the various roles an individual may assume in the IS research, such as an employee. Second, it outlines three complementary research angles: the design of ISs, behaviors, and the consequences of digitalization. This dissertation is situated within the DOTI framework, and focuses on the analysis and design of ISs tailored to individuals in diverse professional and private roles. This dissertation aims to develop design knowledge for IS that supports both instrumental outcomes (such as creativity and performance) and humanistic outcomes (such as health and well-being) by addressing challenges such as technostress faced by digitalized individuals. To achieve this, the dissertation applies qualitative, quantitative, and mixed research methods, including interviews, online surveys, experiments, and field studies. Several methodological approaches are embedded in higher-level design science research. This dissertation has two parts. Part A analyses workplace and IS design, focusing on individuals in their roles as employees. Chapter 2 examines how ISs in hybrid work influence creativity, presenting insights into workplace designs, technological tools, and methods for creative collaboration. Chapter 3 narrows the focus to a specific IS, illustrating how an IS can enhance group performance, offering a design. Chapter 4 addresses technostress in organizational contexts by conceptualizing and operationalizing tech-nostress creators (TSCs), aiming to improve theoretical clarity and the measurement of technostress. Part B of the dissertation develops IS design knowledge to address technostress and promote individual health and well-being through health behavior change support systems (HBCSS). Chapter 5 introduces design knowledge for HBCSSs that support the management of stress by detecting it through physiological and contextual data and providing personalized coping strategies. Chapter 6 builds on this by identifying users’ preferred gamification elements to foster long-term engagement with HBCSSs for sustainable behavior change. Chapters 7 and 8 narrow the focus to interruption overload as a specific TSC, presenting design knowledge for interruption management systems that support personalized coping. These chapters emphasize individual differences in technostress perceptions and contribute to human-centered IS design. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the development of IS design knowledge that supports opportunities for IS use and addresses the challenges of technostress, fostering individual health and well-being. It offers theoretical and practical insights into the design of ISs that support creativity, consistent performance, and stress management. By exploring both broad and specific aspects of IS design and proposing tailored, human-centered design solutions, this dissertation supports responsible and sustainable digitalization in the evolving IT landscape of everyday life.
Gender inequality and cultural values in explaining gender differences in positive and negative emotions: a comparison of 24 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2025) Wollast, Robin; Lüders, Adrian; Nugier, Armelle; Guimond, Serge; Phillips, Joseph B.; Sutton, Robbie M.; Douglas, Karen M.; Sengupta, Nikhil K.; Lemay, Edward P.; Zand, Somayeh; Van Lissa, Caspar J.; Bélanger, Jocelyn J.; Abakoumkin, Georgios; Khaiyom, Jamilah Hanum Abdul; Agostini, Maximilian; Ahmedi, Vjollca; Almenara, Carlos A.; Atta, Mohsin; Bagci, Sabahat C.; Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Choi, Hoon-Seok; Cristea, Mioara; Danyliuk, Ivan; Enea, Violeta; Fisher, Alexandra N.; Gómez, Angel; Greiff, Samuel; Gützkow, Ben; Hamaidia, Ali; Han, Qing; Hudiyana, Joevarian; Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Jiang, Ding-Yu; Jovanović, Veljko; Kende, Anna; Keng, Shian-Ling; Koc, Yasin; Kovyazina, Kamila; Kreienkamp, Jannis; Kurapov, Anton; Lantos, Nora Anna; Jaya Lesmana, Cokorda Bagus; Malik, Najma I.; Martinez, Anton P.; McCabe, Kira O.; Milla, Mirra N.; Molinario, Erica; Moyano, Manuel; Muhammad, Hayat; Mula, Silvana; Myroniuk, Solomiia; Nisa, Claudia; Nyúl, Boglárka; O’Keefe, Paul A.; Osuna, Jose Javier Olivas; Osin, Evgeny N.; Park, Joonha; Pierro, Antonio; Rees, Jonas; Reitsema, Anne Margit; Rullo, Marika; Ryan, Michelle K.; Samekin, Adil; Schumpe, Birga M.; Selim, Heyla A.; Stanton, Michael V.; Tseliou, Eleftheria; vanDellen, Michelle; Vázquez, Alexandra; Weaving, Morgan; Yahiiaiev, Illia; Yeung, Victoria W. L.; Zheng, Bang; Zúñiga, Claudia; Leander, N. Pontus
The coronavirus pandemic posed a major challenge to mental health. Existing evidence shows that COVID-19 is related to poor emotional well-being, particularly among women. However, most work on the subject uses single-country samples, limiting the ability to generalize the disparity or explain it as a function of societal variables. The present study investigates the expression of positive and negative emotions during the pandemic as a function of gender and across 24 countries (N = 49,637). Strong gender differences emerged across countries, with women reporting more negative emotions (anxious, depressed, nervous, exhausted) and less positive emotions (calm, content, relaxed, energetic) than men. The gender gap in positive emotions was significantly wider in countries higher in individualism and narrower in countries higher in power distance. For instance, differences in emotions were larger in Western countries high in individualism, such as the USA, the UK, Italy, and France, and smaller in countries with higher collectivism and power distance, such as China, Malaysia, and South Korea, with a few exceptions like Japan and Brazil. These gender differences across countries were not explained by country-level gender inequalities indicators (GGGI and GII). Interestingly, the national severity of the pandemic, an epidemiological factor, reduced gender differences in positive emotions. These results underscore the importance of considering cultural and national factors when assessing gender differences in well-being.
How to prevent technostress at the digital workplace: a Delphi study
(2024) Berger, Michelle; Schäfer, Ricarda; Schmidt, Marco; Regal, Christian; Gimpel, Henner
Technostress is a rising issue in the changing world of digital work. Technostress can cause severe adverse outcomes for individuals and organizations. Thus, organizations face the moral, legal, and economic responsibility to prevent employees’ excessive technostress. As technostress develops over time, it is crucial to prevent it throughout the process of its emergence instead of only reacting after adverse outcomes occur. Contextualizing the Theory of Preventive Stress management to technostress, we synthesize and advance existing knowledge on inhibiting technostress. We develop a set of 24 technostress prevention measures from technostress inhibitor literature, other technostress literature, and based on qualitative and quantitative contributions from a Delphi study. Based on expert feedback, we characterize each measure and, where possible, assess its relevance in addressing specific technostressors. Our paper contributes to research by transferring the Theory of Preventive Stress Management into the context of technostress and presenting specific measures to prevent technostress. This offers a complementary view to technostress inhibitors by expanding the theoretical grounding and adding a time perspective through the implementation of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. For practice, we offer a comprehensive and applicable overview of measures organizations can implement to prevent technostress.
Lowering acquisition costs with a commission cap? Evidence from the German private health insurance market
(2023) Braegelmann, Kylie A.; Schiller, Jörg
When consumers are neither particularly financially literate nor price sensitive, insurers have a strong incentive to pay high commissions to intermediaries for profitable new business. As a part of cost reduction regulation in the German private substitutive health insurance market, a commission cap and a minimum cancelation liability period for insurance intermediaries were introduced in 2012. Despite the fact that the commission cap lowered commissions paid to intermediaries, we provide evidence that the reform was only partly effective, as it led to a decrease in reshuffling of new business in the substitutive market, but did not significantly reduce total acquisition costs of health insurers. Our findings confirm that cost regulation is tricky and can be easily circumvented by insurers, as commission payments are only a part of total acquisition costs.
Motivational framing strategies in health care information security training: randomized controlled trial
(2025) Keller, Thomas; Warwas, Julia Isabella; Klein, Julia; Henkenjohann, Richard; Trenz, Manuel; Thanh-Nam Trang, Simon
Background: Information security is a critical challenge in the digital age, especially for hospitals, which are prime targets for cyberattacks due to the monetary worth of sensitive medical data. Given the distinctive security risks faced by health care professionals, tailored Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) programs are needed to increase both their ability and willingness to integrate security practices into their workflows. Objective: This study investigates the effectiveness of a video-based security training, which was customized for hospital settings and enriched with motivational framing strategies to build information security skills among health care professionals. The training stands out from conventional interventions in this context, particularly by incorporating a dual-motive model to differentiate between self- and other-oriented goals as stimuli for skill acquisition. The appeal to the professional values of responsible health care work, whether absent or present, facilitates a nuanced examination of differential framing effects on training outcomes. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 130 health care professionals from 3 German university hospitals. Participants within 2 intervention groups received either a self-oriented framing (focused on personal data protection) or an other-oriented framing (focused on patient data protection) at the beginning of a security training video. A control group watched the same video without any framing. Skill assessments using situational judgment tests before and after the training served to evaluate skill growth in all 3 groups. Results: Members of the other-oriented intervention group, who were motivated to protect patients, exhibited the highest increase in security skills (ΔM=+1.13, 95% CI 0.82-1.45), outperforming both the self-oriented intervention group (ΔM=+0.55, 95% CI 0.24-0.86; P=.04) and the control group (ΔM=+0.40, 95% CI 0.10-0.70; P=.004). Conversely, the self-oriented framing of the training content, which placed emphasis on personal privacy, did not yield significantly greater improvements in security skills over the control group (mean difference=+0.15, 95% CI –0.69 to 0.38; P>.99). Further exploratory analyses suggest that the other-oriented framing was particularly impactful among participants who often interact with patients personally, indicating that a higher frequency of direct patient contact may increase receptiveness to this framing strategy. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of aligning SETA programs with the professional values of target groups, in addition to adapting these programs to specific contexts of professional action. In the investigated hospital setting, a motivational framing that resonates with health care professionals’ sense of responsibility for patient safety has proven to be effective in promoting skill growth. The findings offer a pragmatic pathway with a theoretical foundation for implementing beneficial motivational framing strategies in SETA programs within the health care sector.
Need strength, perceived need support, stress symptomatology, and performance in the context of oral exams: A typological approach
(2022) Schürmann, Linda; Kärner, Tobias; Ringeisen, Tobias
Introduction: Based on self-determination theory, we investigated whether examinees are classifiable into profiles based on basic need strength and perceived need support that differ in stress parameters and achievement in the context of a standardized oral exam. Methods: 92 students reported their basic need strength before and perceived need support provided by the examiner once after the exam. Students indicated their emotions and stress perception at four measurement points and we measured their saliva cortisol concurrently, analyzing stress-related changes over time. Results: Latent class analyses revealed two higher-quality (low/high, high/high) and two lower-quality (low/low, high/low) need strength/need support classes. Physio-affective stress development was typical of exam situations. Higher-quality classes that met or exceeded the needs displayed more beneficial stress and emotion response patterns than lower-quality classes. Gain-related emotions mediated achievement in the higher-quality classes. Discussion: Need-supportive examiners can promote student well-being and achievement when they succeed in providing high need satisfaction.
Palliative care as a digital working world (PALLADiUM) - a mixed-method research protocol
(2023) Grimminger, Sandra; Heckel, Maria; Markgraf, Moritz; Peuten, Sarah; Wöhl, Moritz; Gimpel, Henner; Klein, Carsten; Ostgathe, Christoph; Steigleder, Tobias; Schneider, Werner
Background: In Palliative Care, actors from different professional backgrounds work together and exchange case-specific and expert knowledge and information. Since Palliative Care is traditionally distant from digitalization due to its holistically person-centered approach, there is a lack of suitable concepts enabling digitalization regarding multi-professional team processes. Yet, a digitalised information and collaboration environment geared to the requirements of palliative care and the needs of the members of the multi-professional team might facilitate communication and collaboration processes and improve information and knowledge flows. Taking this chance, the presented three-year project, PALLADiUM, aims to improve the effectiveness of Palliative Care teams by jointly sharing available inter-subjective knowledge and orientation-giving as well as action-guiding practical knowledge. Thus, PALLADiUM will explore the potentials and limitations of digitally supported communication and collaboration solutions. Methods: PALLADiUM follows an open and iterative mixed methods approach. First, ethnographic methods – participant observations, interviews, and focus groups – aim to explore knowledge and information flow in investigating Palliative Care units as well as the requirements and barriers to digitalization. Second, to extend this body, the analysis of the historical hospital data provides quantitative insights. Condensing all findings results in a to-be work system. Adhering to the work systems transformation method, a technical prototype including artificial intelligence components will enhance the collaborative teamwork in the Palliative Care unit. Discussion: PALLADiUM aims to deliver decisive new insights into the preconditions, processes, and success factors of the digitalization of a medical working environment as well as communication and collaboration processes in multi-professional teams.
Perception of gamblers: a systematic review
(2021) Wöhr, Andrea; Wuketich, Marius
It is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons‘ lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as “irresponsible” and “greedy” while they perceive themselves as “stupid” or “weak”. Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents‘ age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.
The precarity of progress: implications of a shifting gendered division of labor for relationships and well-being as a function of country-level gender equality
(2024) Fisher, Alexandra N.; Ryan, Michelle K.; Liao, Yuan-Hsi; Mikołajczak, Gosia; Riedijk, Larisa; Leander, N. Pontus; Abakoumkin, Georgios; Abdul Khaiyom, Jamilah Hanum; Ahmedi, Vjollca; Agostini, Maximilian; Atta, Moshin; Bagci, Sabahat Cigdem; Bélanger, Jocelyn J.; Berisha Kida, Edona; Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit; Choi, Hoon-Seok; Cristea, Mioara; Damnjanovic, Kaja; Danyliuk, Ivan; Di Santo, Daniela; Douglas, Karen M.; Enea, Violeta; Fitzsimons, Gavan J.; Gómez, Ángel; Gützkow, Ben; Hamaidia, Ali; Helmy, Mai; Hudiyana, Joevarian; Jovanović, Veljko; Jovanović, Veljko; Kende, Anna; Keng, Shian-Ling; Kieu, Tra Thi Thanh; Koc, Yasin; Kreienkamp, Jannis; Kurapov, Anton; Lantos, Nóra Anna; Lemay, Edward P.; Lueders, Adrian; Malik, Najma Iqbal; McCabe, Kira O.; Mehulić, Jasmina; Molinario, Erica; Moyano, Manuel; Muhammad, Hayat; Muluk, Hamdi; Nisa, Claudia F.; Nyúl, Boglárka; O’Keefe, Paul A.; Olivias Osuna, Jose Javier; Osin, Evgeny; Park, Joonha; Pica, Gennaro; Pierro, Antonio; Rees, Jonas; Reitsema, Anne Margit; Rullo, Marika; Samekin, Adil; Schumpe, Birga M.; Selim, Heyla A.; Stanton, Michael Vicente; Tseliou, Eleftheria; vanDellen, Michelle R; Vázquez, Alexandra; Wollast, Robin; Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan; Zand, Somayeh; Žeželj, Iris Lav; Zúñiga, Claudia
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift toward a more traditional division of labor–one where women took greater responsibility for household tasks and childcare than men. We tested whether this regressive shift was more acutely perceived and experienced by women in countries with greater gender equality. Cross-cultural longitudinal survey data for women and men ( N = 10,238) was collected weekly during the first few months of the pandemic. Multilevel modelling analyses, based on seven waves of data collection, indicated that a regressive shift was broadly perceived but not uniformly felt. Women and men alike perceived a shift toward a more traditional division of household labor during the first few weeks of the pandemic. However, this perception only undermined women’s satisfaction with their personal relationships and subjective mental health if they lived in countries with higher levels of economic gender equality. Among women in countries with lower levels of economic gender equality, the perceived shift predicted higher relationship satisfaction and mental health. There were no such effects among men. Taken together, our results suggest that subjective perceptions of disempowerment, and the gender role norms that underpin them, should be considered when examining the gendered impact of global crisis.
The COVID-19 pandemic and emergencies in Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: An analysis of patients presenting to emergency rooms in South-West Germany: A bi-center study
(2024) Wolpert, Stephan; Knoblich, Nora; Holderried, Martin; Becker, Sven; Schade-Mann, Thore; Mitra, Amal K.
This study was designed to examine the changes in emergency room visits in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 11,277 patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital (ER) and an emergency practice (EP) during on-call hours in the first half of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The epidemiologic parameters, diagnoses, and level of urgency were recorded using a four-step scale. A comparison was made between the pre-pandemic years and 2020. The findings revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of ER visits in the second quarter of 2020 compared to 2019 (ER: 30.8%, EP: 37.8%), mainly due to the fact that there were significantly fewer patients, with low levels of urgency. Certain diagnoses, such as epistaxis (−3.0%) and globus sensation (−3.2%), were made at similar frequencies to 2019, while inflammatory diseases like skin infections (−51.2%), tonsillitis (−55.6%), sinusitis (−59%), and otitis media (−70.4%) showed a significant reduction. The study concludes that patients with a low triage level were less likely to visit the ER during the early stages of the pandemic, but some diagnoses were still observed at comparable rates. This suggests a disparity in perception between patients and ER staff regarding urgency. Many of the issues discussed were also emphasized in the 2024 proposal by the German Ministry of Health to reform emergency care in Germany.
The influence of social norms on expressing sympathy in social media
(2024) Graf-Drasch, Valerie; Gimpel, Henner; Bonenberger, Lukas; Blaß, Marlene
Increasingly, people are turning to social media to express grief. By and large, however, the social media community can do little more than improvise reactions, not quite sure how to use the old familiar social scripts as guides to lending effective support. To examine the role of social media in the grieving process, we used a mixed-methods approach: 12 interviews with “social media grievers” reveal the expectations of the bereaved regarding other users’ behavior. By way of two online experiments with 1058 participants, we tested how these expectations are met by the messaging of social media providers in accordance with social norm theory. We found that injunctive social norm messages are particularly effective, whereas descriptive social norm messages vary in their effectiveness, depending on which information is presented and how prominently so. What our study shows, then, is that both are potent socio-technical tools that can guide users towards more empathetic behavior when dealing with the bereaved, so while social media may not be a substitute for therapy, they can offer profound comfort for those of us dealing with bereavement and grief.

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